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The Russo-Circassian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia, was the invasion of Circassia by Russia, starting in 1763 with the Russian Empire assuming authority in Circassia, followed by the Circassian refusal, and ending 100 years, 10 months and 6 days later with the last army of Circassia defeated on 21 May 1864 , making it ...
The Circassian genocide, or Tsitsekun, was the Russian Empire's systematic mass murder, ethnic cleansing, and expulsion of 95–97% of the Circassian population, resulting in 1 to 1.5 million deaths during the final stages of the Russo-Circassian War.
The Russo-Circassian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia, was the invasion of Circassia by Russia, starting in 1763 (O.S) with the Russian Empire assuming authority in Circassia, followed by the Circassian refusal, and ending 100 years, 10 months and 6 days later with the last army of Circassia defeated on 21 May 1864 (O.S ...
- Previous Events
- Gudovich's Campaign
- Storming of The Castle
- Consequences
- Losses
Anapa, under the name of Bighurqale, was one of the important ports of the Circassians. It was especially frequented by Ottoman merchant ships and missionaries. During the reign of Catherine II the Russian army started entering Circassia and started the construction of forts in an attempt to quickly annex Circassia. In 1763, Russian forces occupied...
On January 23 (O.S.), 1791, General-in-Chief Ivan Gudovich, who had just been appointed commander-in-chief of the Kuban and Caucasian corps, received an order from Prince G. A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky to capture Anapa. For the new campaign, Gudovich formed a detachment of 15 battalions, 3,000 snipers, 54 cavalry squadrons and 2 Cossack regiments with ...
Having no funds for a long-term siege, the Russians constantly attacked from the rear and having received information about the approach of the Turkish fleet with reinforcements to Anapa, Gudovich decided to storm Anapa. 5 attacking columns were formed, four of which struck in the southern part of the fortress, where its defense was most damaged. T...
The loss of Anapa prompted the Turkish government to abandon Circassia and make peace with Russia: and the Treaty of Jassywas signed. In his report, General Gudovich reported to Prince Potemkin: Making use of the turmoil caused by the fall of the castle, Fyodor Bursakorganized several raids against the Western Circassians, and personally ordered hi...
The battle lasted over 5 hours. Of the garrison, about 8,000 people died, 13,532 defenders were taken prisoner. A small part (about 150 people) escaped on ships. Almost all artillery was captured or destroyed (83 cannons and 12 mortars), 130 banners were taken. In the Russian side, according to Russian governmental documents, 23 officers and 1,215 ...
Feb 7, 2014 · Four years after the Decembrist revolt, Russia signed the Treaty of Adrianople with the Ottoman Empire, acquiring the northern Black Sea coast and including Sochi, which was then the capital of the...
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, the Russian lines of communication in Armenia were ill-prepared, and the Turks were able to support an attempt by Circassian exiles to reoccupy their homeland. But this failed, and, by the Peace of Adrianople, Russia succeeded in adding to its Transcaucasian territories the districts of Kars, Batumi, and ...
On 21 May 2014 Circassians all over the world marked the 150th anniversary of the expulsion of their ancestors from their North Caucasian homeland. The links between this unresolved legacy of Russian colonial history and President Putin’s prestigious Winter Olympics in Sochi have reinvigorated Circassian activism.
