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  1. The Spanish Empire, [b] sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy [c] or the Catholic Monarchy, [d] [5] [6] [7] was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976. [8] [9] In conjunction with the Portuguese Empire, it ushered in the European Age of Discovery. It achieved a global scale, [10] controlling vast portions of the Americas ...

    • The Pyramid of Government
    • Council of The Indies
    • Viceroys
    • Corregidores
    • Audiencias
    • Alcaldes Mayores & Town Councils
    • Interrelations & Limitations

    Spain colonised vast parts of the Americas starting from the landing by Christopher Columbus(1451-1506) in 1492. Working through the Caribbean islands and then moving on to the mainland in the first decades of the 16th century, by 1570, some 100,000 Europeans were governing over 10 million indigenous peoples who inhabited lands from what is today t...

    The Council of the Indies (El Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias) was based in Spain, and it was created by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1519-1556) in 1524 to oversee all colonial matters in the Americas and the Spanish East Indies. The name of this institution comes from the term then used to describe the Americas, the 'Spanish Indies'. The...

    The viceroy directly represented the Spanish Crown in their particular colonial territory, a viceroyalty being the largest administrative area within the empire. There were eventually four viceroyalties: 1. The Viceroyalty of New Spain(today's Mexico, Central America, parts of the southern United States, the Caribbean Antilles, and the Philippines)...

    The corregidor was a judicial and political officer who directly represented the Spanish Crown. He was, in effect, the governor of a specific area. The corregidor in New Spain served for five years if selected from Spain, but only three years if recruited locally. In Peru, he served for just one year. Thecorregidor appointed administrators (tenient...

    All the major cities of the Spanish Empire had an audiencia, which was responsible for certain legal, political and commercial matters which concerned both European settlers and indigenous peoples. The audiencia had jurisdiction over a particular city and its surrounding area. It met in regular sessions (acuerdos) and passed legislation (autos acor...

    Local town councils (cabildos) were led by a mayor (alcaldes mayores) who typically served for three years. Beneath the mayor were the councillors (regidores), between four and six in a small town and at least eight in larger towns. The councillors were initially appointed by the Crown but then elected by the local citizens (vecinos), that is prope...

    All of the above institutions and individuals were so organised that they kept each other in check and resulted in no single person or body ever becoming so powerful that they might threaten the interests of the Spanish monarchy. Another specific policy to ensure this objective was to limit the terms of office of officials in any single location. T...

    • Mark Cartwright
  2. Feb 7, 2024 · In this gallery of seven maps, we examine the vast overseas territories of the Spanish Empire from the late 15th century to the 19th century. The empire reached its height during the Age of Exploration and included regions in the Americas, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific.

    • Graphic Designer
  3. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are sometimes called "the Golden Age of Spain" (in Spanish. As a result of the marriage politics of the Reyes Católicos, their grandson Charles inherited the Castilian empire in America, the Aragonese Empire in the Mediterranean (including a large portion of modern Italy), as well as the crown of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Low Countries and ...

  4. 17th c. Dutch map of the Americas Universities founded in Spanish America by the Spanish Empire The empire in the Indies was a newly established dependency of the kingdom of Castile alone, so crown power was not impeded by any existing cortes (i.e. parliament), administrative or ecclesiastical institution, or seigneurial group. [65]

  5. In 1810 the great edifice of colonial government, built by the Habsburgs and renovated by the Bourbons, began to fall apart. In Spain, meanwhile, an emergency government resisted the French and sought to build a new constitutional monarchy, embodied in the Constitution of Cádiz (1812) created by the Cortes (parliament) set up at Cádiz in 1810.

  6. Spanish colonial policies. Shortly before the death of Queen Isabella I in 1504, the Spanish sovereigns created the House of Trade ( Casa de Contratación) to regulate commerce between Spain and the New World. Their purpose was to make the trade monopolistic and thus pour the maximum amount of bullion into the royal treasury.

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