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The Uralic languages (/ j ʊəˈr æ l ɪ k / yoor-AL-ik; by some called Uralian languages / j ʊəˈr eɪ l i ə n / yoor-AY-lee-ən) form a language family of 42 languages spoken predominantly in Europe and North Asia. The Uralic languages with the most native speakers are Hungarian (which alone accounts for approximately 60% of speakers ...
- One of the world's primary language families
- Overview
- Languages of the family
The two major branches of Uralic are themselves composed of numerous subgroupings of member languages on the basis of closeness of linguistic relationship. Finno-Ugric can first be divided into the most distantly related Ugric and Finnic (sometimes called Volga-Finnic) groups, which may have separated as long ago as five millennia. Within these, three relatively closely related groups of languages are found: the Baltic-Finnic, the Permic, and the Ob-Ugric. The largest of these, the Baltic-Finnic group, is composed of Finnish, Estonian, Livonian, Votic, Ingrian, Karelian, and Veps. The Permic group consists of Komi, Permyak, and Udmurt. The Ob-Ugric group includes Mansi and Khanty.
The Ugric group comprises the geographically most distant members of the family—the Hungarian and Ob-Ugric languages. Finnic contains the remaining languages: the Baltic-Finnic languages, the Sami (or Lapp) languages, Mordvin, Mari, and the Permic tongues. There is little accord on the further subclassification of the Finnic languages, although the fairly close relationship between Baltic-Finnic and Sami is generally recognized (and is called North Finnic); the degree of separation between the two may be compared to that between English and German. Mordvin has most frequently been linked with Mari (a putative Volga language group), but comparative evidence also suggests a bond with Baltic-Finnic and Sami (that is, West Finnic). The extinct Merya, Murom, and Meshcher tongues, known only from Old Russian chronicles, are assumed to have been spoken by Finnic peoples and, from their geographic location northwest of Mordvin, must have belonged to West Finnic. One hypothesis for the internal relationships of the Uralic family as a whole is given in the figure.
The two major branches of Uralic are themselves composed of numerous subgroupings of member languages on the basis of closeness of linguistic relationship. Finno-Ugric can first be divided into the most distantly related Ugric and Finnic (sometimes called Volga-Finnic) groups, which may have separated as long ago as five millennia. Within these, three relatively closely related groups of languages are found: the Baltic-Finnic, the Permic, and the Ob-Ugric. The largest of these, the Baltic-Finnic group, is composed of Finnish, Estonian, Livonian, Votic, Ingrian, Karelian, and Veps. The Permic group consists of Komi, Permyak, and Udmurt. The Ob-Ugric group includes Mansi and Khanty.
The Ugric group comprises the geographically most distant members of the family—the Hungarian and Ob-Ugric languages. Finnic contains the remaining languages: the Baltic-Finnic languages, the Sami (or Lapp) languages, Mordvin, Mari, and the Permic tongues. There is little accord on the further subclassification of the Finnic languages, although the fairly close relationship between Baltic-Finnic and Sami is generally recognized (and is called North Finnic); the degree of separation between the two may be compared to that between English and German. Mordvin has most frequently been linked with Mari (a putative Volga language group), but comparative evidence also suggests a bond with Baltic-Finnic and Sami (that is, West Finnic). The extinct Merya, Murom, and Meshcher tongues, known only from Old Russian chronicles, are assumed to have been spoken by Finnic peoples and, from their geographic location northwest of Mordvin, must have belonged to West Finnic. One hypothesis for the internal relationships of the Uralic family as a whole is given in the figure.
Apr 10, 2024 · Uralic languages, family of more than 20 related languages, all descended from a Proto-Uralic language that existed 7,000 to 10,000 years ago. At its earliest stages, Uralic most probably included the ancestors of the Yukaghir language. The Uralic languages are spoken by more than 25 million people.
Jun 2, 2020 · By Sam Wood. June 2, 2020. The Uralic family of languages are spoken across northern regions of Norway and Sweden, throughout Finland, Estonia, Hungary and parts of Russia. Here, we’ll take a look at which modern languages are part of this family, how many people speak them and how similar they are. Let’s get started.
The main Uralic languages in number of speakers are Hungarian (12-13 million), Finnish (5.4 million) and Estonian (1.1 million), that are also national and official languages of sovereign states. Geographical distribution of the Uralic languages. Ancestral. Proto-Uralic. Samoyedic. The distribution of Samoyedmic Languages.
Uralic is a large and diverse family of languages spoken in northern and eastern Europe and northwestern Siberia. Among the better-known Uralic languages are Finnish, Estonian, and Hungarian . Yukaghir is a small family of languages spoken in eastern Siberia. It formerly extended over a much wider area (Collinder 1965:30).
For the full article, see Uralic languages. Uralic languages , Family of more than 20 languages spoken by some 25 million people in central and northern Eurasia. A primary division is between the Finno-Ugric languages, which account for most of the languages and speakers, and the Samoyedic languages.
