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2. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a State, or natural or juridical persons it might represent, from pursuing a claim in the courts or administrative tribunals or agencies of a launching State. A State shall not, however, be entitled to present a claim under this Convention in respect of the same damage for which a
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The Liability Convention was considered and negotiated by the Legal subcommittee from 1963 to 1972. Agreement was reached in the General Assembly in 1971 ( resolution 2777 (XXVI) ), and the Convention entered into force in September 1972. Elaborating on Article 7 of the Outer Space Treaty, the Liability Convention provides that a launching ...
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- Article I
- Article II
- Article III
- Article IV
- Article V
- Article Vi
- Article VII
- Article VIII
- Article IX
- Article X
For the purposes of this Convention: (a) The term "damage" means loss of life, personal injury or other impairment of health; or loss of or damage to property of States or of persons, natural or juridical, or property of international intergovernmental organizations; (b) The term "launching" includes attempted launching; (c) The term "launching Sta...
A launching State shall be absolutely liable to pay compensation for damage caused by its space object on the surface of the earth or to aircraft flight.
In the event of damage being caused elsewhere than on the surface of the earth to a space object of one launching State or to persons or property on board such a space object by a space object of another launching State, the latter shall be liable only if the damage is due to its fault or the fault of persons for whom it is responsible.
1. In the event of damage being caused elsewhere than on the surface of the earth to a space object of one launching State or to persons or property on board such a space object by a space object of another launching State, and of damage thereby being caused to a third State or to its natural or juridical persons, the first two States shall be join...
1. Whenever two or more States jointly launch a space object, they shall be jointly and severally liable for any damage caused. 2. A launching State which has paid compensation for damage shall have the right to present a claim for indemnification to other participants in the joint launching. The participants in a joint launching may conclude agree...
1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, exoneration from absolute liability shall be granted to the extent that a launching State establishes that the damage has resulted either wholly or partially from gross negligence or from an act or omission done with intent to cause damage on the part of a claimant State or of natural or ...
The provisions of this Convention shall not apply to damage caused by a space object of a launching State to: (a) nationals of that launching State; (b) foreign nationals during such time as they are participating in the operation of that space object from the time of its launching or at any stage thereafter until its descent, or during such time a...
1. A State which suffers damage, or whose natural or juridical persons suffer damage, may present to a launching State a claim for compensation for such damage. 2. If the State of nationality has not presented a claim, another State may, in respect of damage sustained in its territory by any natural or juridical person, present a claim to a launchi...
A claim for compensation for damage shall be presented to a launching State through diplomatic channels. If a State does not maintain diplomatic relations with the launching State concerned, it may request another State to present its claim to that launching State or otherwise represent its interests under this Convention. It may also present its c...
1. A claim for compensation for damage may be presented to a launching State not later than one year following the date of the occurrence of the damage or the identification of the launching State which is liable. 2. If, however, a State does not know of the occurrence of the damage or has not been able to identify the launching State which is liab...
Title: MULTILATERAL: Convention on the international liability for damage caused by space objectsopened for signature at London, Moscow and Washington on 29 March 1972 Came into force on I September 1972, the date. of deposit of the fifth instrument of ratification with the Governments of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United ...
The present web page contains a collection of official records of negotiations for the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 2777 (XXVI), opened for signature on 29 March 1972, entered into force on 1 September 1972. The documentation is organized by series ...
Convention on the international liability for damage caused by space objects. Opened for signature at London, Moscow and Washington on 29 March 1972 Authentic texts: English, Russian, French,...
Overview of The Liability Convention. Liability for damage caused by a space object. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20120518-danger-space-junk-alert. David Kuan-Wei Chen. 18 May 2023. Why is liability important? Number of space objects in orbit. https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/modeling/legend.html. NSW, AU, 2022. Saudi Arabia in 2000.
