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  1. Mar 27, 2015 · In a systematic review and meta-analysis, the estimated 2.53.0 year cumulative efficacy was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 30%70%) for the parenteral Vi polysaccharide vaccine and 48% (CI = 34%58%) for the oral Ty21a vaccine, each based on a single trial ( 13 ).

  2. Jun 6, 2014 · Typhoid vaccination was reported for 5% (29/602) of typhoid patients and for 20% (29/142) of paratyphoid A patients. Estimated VE was 80% (95% confidence interval, 66–89%). Because of missing data, we could not estimate VE for specific vaccines.

    • Barbara E. Mahon, Anna E. Newton, Eric D. Mintz
    • 2014
  3. The data comprised preliminary safety data on Typbar-TCVTM from three ongoing trials of effectiveness in the field conducted by the Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium (TyVAC), data from early public sector use of the vaccine in India and Pakistan and data from private sector use in India reported to the manufacturer.

  4. The pooled efficacy against typhoid fever was 45% (95% CI 33–55%; four trials; 247 649 participants; I2 59%; moderate certainty) for Ty21a and 58% (44–69%; five trials; 214 456 participants; I2 34%; moderate certainty) for polysaccharide Vi-PS.

  5. Jan 25, 2024 · Randomised controlled trials of typhoid conjugate vaccines among children in Africa and Asia have shown high short-term efficacy. Data on the durability of protection beyond 2 years are sparse.

  6. Aug 8, 2020 · Considering the increasing evidence of the global burden of typhoid, particularly among young children, and the long-term horizon for sustained, effective water and sanitation improvements in low-income settings, a growing consensus is to emphasize preventive vaccination.

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