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What is a defective verb in French?
What is a defective verb?
Should defective verbs be included in the present volume?
Do defective verbs change tense?
Jun 5, 2012 · Summary. In some ways, one hesitates to include defective verbs in the present volume since, generally speaking, they are hardly ever used, and even then, only extremely limited parts of them occur. In numerous cases, they are classed as R3, or are already on the point of exiting the language.
- Definition and Causes of Defectiveness
- Functionally Defective Verbs
- Verbs Found only in Some Set Phrases
- Verbs Missing Part of Their Conjugation
- See Also
There are many reasons why a verb may be lacking some forms. Most grammar treats defective verbs solely as those verbs where some forms would be fanciful (that is, purely impersonal verbs such as pleuvoir (“to rain”) or grêler (“to hail”)) and verbs for which certain forms do not exist at all anymore, usually because of homonymy (choir (“archaic: t...
These are partial lists of verbs or verb meanings that are either almost only used in the third person, or practically lack a specific tense. Verbs lacking a tense but not considered defective Verbs used only or overwhelmingly in the third persons. Verbs that are additionally defective are in bold. Verbs occasionally reconstructed from a surviving ...
1. This verb's infinitive remains only in the expressions faire accroire (“make to believe”) and the less frequent laisser accroire (“let believe”). The latter mostly has been replaced by the eggcorn laisser à croire, while the former is also undercut by faire à croire, criticised since the late nineteenth century, which is still considered a mistake. A related construction with savoir, inherited from Old French, has disappeared from use.
1. Il appert (“it would seem”) is the prime remnant of this legalistic verb. Even in that expression it is undercut by apparaître.
1. This verb is found in the pronominal form se faire bienvenir (“to receive a warm welcome”). Like its common adjectival from bienvenu, it is often split in two words by authors.
1. This verb, meaning "to burn", mostly fell out of usage in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, leaving only its imperfect, subjunctive and infinitive with a modicum of liveliness. An equally literary and rare arder was reconstructed from these forms, and has a complete conjugation. A form ardoir also existed. The commoner words ardeur and ardantare related.
There are several defective verbs in French. falloir ("to be necessary"; only the third-person forms with il exist; the present indicative conjugation, il faut, is very commonly used, impersonal verb) braire ("to bray"; only infinitive, present participle, and third-person forms exist)
Aug 2, 2023 · Defective verbs are discussed in Appendix:French defective verbs . Contents. 1 Classification of irregular verbs. 2 Auxiliary verbs: être and avoir. 3 Irregular verbs in -er. 4 Irregular verbs in -ir. 5 Verbs in -oir. 6 Verbs in consonant+re. 7 Verbs in vowel+re. 8 Notes. 9 See also. Classification of irregular verbs [ edit]
Defective verbs. A defective verb is a verb that only partially exists anymore. All tenses or persons are no longer used for these tenses. Here are some examples of defective...
Jun 20, 2022 · French verbs that lack one or more forms in their inflections. For more information, see Appendix:French defective verbs . Pages in category "French defective verbs" The following 60 pages are in this category, out of 60 total. A. absoudre. advenir. agir. autodissoudre. B. béer. braire. bruiner. brumer. C. choir. clore. courre. crachiner. D.
May 31, 2012 · Answer built upon. Defective verbs are common in French, for example, a simple verb such as DISTRAIRE (‘to entertain’) has no simple past (French speakers don't know the forms), CLORE (‘to close’) is not used in present indicative 1pl and 2pl (even though, everyone knows the forms would be and ).
