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     • The site of the first lighthouse on the Pacific Coast (1854), Alcatraz Island served as a Civil War bastion and became the nation's first official army prison. "Uncle Sam's Devil's Island," as it was known, was transferred to civilian authority in 1934, and became infamous as a place of incarceration for the nation's most hardened criminals.
     Reference:

     Alcatraz Island Cultural Landscape (U.S. National Park Service)

2. People also ask

   What is Alcatraz Island known for?

   • Alcatraz Island, also known as ‘The Rock,’ a rocky island in San Francisco Bay, off the coast of California, in the United States. From 1934 to 1963, a facility on the island served as a federal prison for some of the most dangerous civilian prisoners. Learn more about the history of Alcatraz Island here.

   Alcatraz Island | Facts, Escape, Native Americans, Map, & History

   www.britannica.com/place/Alcatraz-Island

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   When did Alcatraz become a prison?

   • In 1934, the island was converted into a federal prison, Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. The strong currents around the island and cold water temperatures made escape nearly impossible, and the prison became one of the most notorious in American history. The prison closed in 1963, and the island is now a major tourist attraction.

   Alcatraz Island - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatraz_Island

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   When was Alcatraz built?

   • Sold in 1849 to the U.S. government, Alcatraz was the site of the first lighthouse (1854) on the coast of California. Thereafter other buildings were erected on the island, and the first permanent army detachment was garrisoned there in 1859. In 1861 the island was designated a residence for military offenders.

   Alcatraz Island | Facts, Escape, Native Americans, Map, & History

   www.britannica.com/place/Alcatraz-Island

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   Who occupied Alcatraz Island?

   • Native American activists occupying Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California, November 1969. In March 1964 a group of Native Americans claimed the island, citing an 1868 treaty with the Sioux allowing Indians from the reservation to claim any “unoccupied government land”; however, they occupied Alcatraz for only several hours.

   Alcatraz Island | Facts, Escape, Native Americans, Map, & History

   www.britannica.com/place/Alcatraz-Island

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3. www.nps.gov › alca › learnHistory & Culture - Alcatraz Island (U.S. National Park Service)

   www.nps.gov › alca › learn

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   Aug 30, 2023 · Alcatraz has a many-layered history: Civil War fortress, military prison, federal prison, bird sanctuary, first lighthouse on the West Coast, and the birthplace of the American Indian Red Power movement: These are just a few of the fascinating stories of the Rock.

   • Stories

     In 1850 Alcatraz was declared a military reservation by...

     U.S. Penitentiary Alcatraz

     · The Post on Alcatraces

   • Preservation

     Alcatraz Island Golden Gate National Recreation Area B201...

   • We Hold The Rock

     Once Alcatraz Island became a prison, both military...

4. www.britannica.com › place › Alcatraz-IslandAlcatraz Island | Facts, Escape, Native Americans, Map, & History

   www.britannica.com › place › Alcatraz-Island

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   May 10, 2024 · Alcatraz Island, also known as ‘The Rock,’ a rocky island in San Francisco Bay, off the coast of California, in the United States. From 1934 to 1963, a facility on the island served as a federal prison for some of the most dangerous civilian prisoners. Learn more about the history of Alcatraz Island here.

   • Author: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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5. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Alcatraz_IslandAlcatraz Island - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Alcatraz_Island

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   Indians of All Tribes claimed Alcatraz Island by the "Right of Discovery"; as historian Troy R. Johnson states in The Occupation of Alcatraz Island, generations of indigenous peoples knew about Alcatraz at least 10,000 years before any European knew about any part of North America.

6. www.historyhit.com › locations › alcatraz-islandAlcatraz Island - History and Facts | History Hit

   www.historyhit.com › locations › alcatraz-island

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   Initially discovered by a Spanish explorer in 1775 (its name literally meant Isle of the Penguins originally), Alcatraz Island was first used by the US military in 1853, when it established a base there, transforming it into Fortress Alcatraz.

   • Author: Sarah Roller

7. www.americanheritage.com › content › alcatraz-islandAlcatraz Island | AMERICAN HERITAGE

   www.americanheritage.com › content › alcatraz-island

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   Home / Alcatraz Island. The history of Alcatraz is surprising to those that only know the Hollywood version. Civil War fortress, infamous federal prison, bird sanctuary, first lighthouse on the West Coast, and the birthplace of the American Indian Red Power movement are a few of the stories of the Rock. Featured Sites. We hope you enjoy our work.

8. www.nps.gov › alca › indexAlcatraz Island (U.S. National Park Service)

   www.nps.gov › alca › index

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   This small island was once a fort, a military prison, and a maximum security federal penitentiary. In 1969, the Indians of All Tribes occupied Alcatraz for 19 months in the name of freedom and Native American civil rights. We invite you to explore Alcatraz's complex history and natural beauty.

9. sf.curbed.com › 2019/11/20 › 20973853A complete history of Alcatraz Island - Curbed SF

   sf.curbed.com › 2019/11/20 › 20973853

   Nov 20, 2019 · A complete history of Alcatraz Island. From a place of punishment to the cradle of a movement. By Adam Brinklow Nov 20, 2019, 11:46am PST. November 20, 2019 marks 50 years since dozens of ...