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Oct 2, 2021 · Central Asia is a landlocked region that borders the Caspian Sea to the West, Russia to the north, China to the east, and Afghanistan and Iran to the south. The five Central Asian countries— Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan—collectively cover an area approximately 40% that of the United States.
Asia's First Republic: The Birth and Development of the Modern Chinese State. Lane J. Harris. One of the hallmarks of modernity is the emergence of the centralizing, bureaucratic state. The form of that state, however, varied widely across the world.
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Nationalism began in Europe, and, perhaps especially, in Europe’s overseas colonies struggling for indepen-dence in the Americas (including, notably, the future United States).5 The nationalist contagion then spread to East Asia in the late nine-teenth century.
- Contents
- Introduction: What Is East Asia?
- Zhou Dynasty China (1045–256 BCE) The Hundred Schools of Thought
- Meiji Modernization
- 10. The Dark Valley (1930–1945)
- 11. Japan since 1945
- 13. Vietnam since 1945
- Pronunciation Guide
- Chinese
- Japanese
- Korean
- Vietnamese
List of Illustrations List of Maps Pronunciation Guide Timeline
The Origins of Civilization in East Asia “Out of Africa”: The First East Asians East Asian Languages and Writing Systems Bronze Age China The Formative Era The Age of the Classics
Confucianism Daoism Legalism The Art of War First Empire
The Meiji Constitution Industrialization The French Colonization of Vietnam
The Rise of Japanese Ultranationalism Manchukuo Nationalist China The Rise of Mao Zedong World War II in China World War II in the Pacific
The Postwar Allied Occupation Economic Recovery and the “Developmental State” Trade Wars, and the End of the Japanese Miracle Japan and Globalization
The French Withdrawal, and America’s War The Socialist Republic of Vietnam Vietnam, East Asia, and the World
(Where not indicated otherwise, pronunciations are approximately as might be expected by American English speakers.)
East Asians normally simply do not use the Roman alphabet, but for the purpose of transcribing the sounds of East Asian words in our alphabet a number of different spelling systems have been devised. For Mandarin Chinese, a spelling system called pinyin is increasingly standard. In pinyin, the vowels and diphthongs (two vowels that combine to form ...
The vowels and diphthongs in Japanese are pronounced approximately as follows: as in ah ai like the igh in sigh or high as in ten ei like the ay in May day as in police as in oh, or the o in Oklahoma ō (with a macron) is pronounced just like o but is sustained for twice the duration u is like the o in who or the oo in hoot ū (with a macron) is pron...
The vowels and diphthongs in Korean are pronounced approximately as follows: a as in ah ae like the a in hat Pronunciation Guide xvii as in ten as in police like the o in orbit ŏ like the au in caught like the o in who or the oo in hoot ŭ like the u in put ŭi like we Note also that in Korean pronunciation, the consonant pairs ch/j, k/g, p/b, r/l, s...
Vietnamese is the only East Asian language that is normally written today (in modern times) using the Roman alphabet. The standard Romanization system is called quốc ngữ, which means “national language.” In addition to special marks indicating five of the six tones (like Chinese, Vietnamese is a tonal language, but, unlike Chinese, the tones are co...
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In the modern age, many of the features that made the region – now defined as including China, Japan, and Korea – distinct have been submerged by the effects of revolution, politics, or globalization. Yet as an ancient civilization, the region had both a historical and a cultural coherence.
Eight littoral states border the South China Sea: the PRC; the Republic of China (ROC), or Taiwan; the Socialist Republic of Viet- nam; the Republic of the Philippines; Malaysia; the Sultan- ate of Brunei Darussalam; the Republic of Singapore; and the Republic of Indonesia (Figure 1.1).
The George W. Bush Administration understood Asia’s growing importance and engaged closely with the People’s Republic of China (PRC), Japan, and India. The Obama Administration significantly...
