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1943
- The use of the word autism to describe the condition as it is known today originated in 1943, when Austrian-born American psychiatrist Leo Kanner distinguished the disorder from schizophrenia.
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The term autism was first introduced by Eugen Bleuler in his description of schizophrenia in 1911. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was broader than its modern equivalent; autistic children were often diagnosed with childhood schizophrenia.
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1926: Grunya Sukhareva, a child psychiatrist in Kyiv, Russia, writes about six children with autistic traits in a scientific German psychiatry and neurology journal.
1938: Louise Despert, a psychologist in New York, details 29 cases of childhood schizophrenia, some of whom have traits that resemble today's classification of autism.
1943: Leo Kanner publishes a paper describing 11 patients who were focused on or obsessed with objects and had a “resistance to (unexpected) change.” He later named this condition “infantile autism.” 1944: Nazi-funded, Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger publishes a popularized scientific study on autistic children, a case study describing four chi...
1952:In the first edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), children with autistic traits are labeled as having childhood schizophrenia. 1956:Leon Eisenberg publishes his paper "The Autistic Child in Adolescence," which follows 63 autistic children for nine years and again at 15 y...
1964: Bernard Rimland publishes Infantile Autism: The Syndrome and Its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior, challenging the “refrigerator mother” theory and discussing the neurological factors in autism. 1964: Dr. Ole Ivar Lovaas, creator of LGBTQ conversion therapy, begins working on his theory of Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) therapy...
1970s: Lorna Wing proposes the concept of autism spectrum disorders. She identifies the “triad of impairment,” which includes three areas: social interaction, communication, and imagination. 1975:The Education for All Handicapped Children Act is enacted to help protect the rights and meet the needs of children with disabilities, most of whom were p...
1980: The third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) includes criteria for a diagnosis of infantile autism for the first time.
1990:Autism is included as a disability category in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), making it easier for autistic children to get special education services. 1996: Temple Grandin writes Emergence—Labeled Autistic, a firsthand account of her life with autism and how she became successful in her field. 1998: Andrew Wakefield p...
2003: The Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership(GRASP), an organization run by people with Asperger’s syndrome and autism spectrum disorders, is formed. 2003: Bernard Rimland and Stephen Edelson write the book Recovering Autistic Children. 2006: Ari Ne'eman establishes the Autistic Self Advocacy Network(ASAN). 2006: Dora Raymaker and Ch...
2010: Andrew Wakefield loses his medical license and is barred from practicing medicine, following the retraction of his autism paper. 2013:The DSM-5 combines autism, Asperger’s, and childhood disintegrative disorder into autism spectrum disorder. 2014: The president signs the Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education and Support (C...
The Early History of Autism in America. A surprising new historical analysis suggests that a pioneering doctor was examining people with autism before the Civil War
It was first used in the early twentieth century by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler to describe a characteristic of adults with schizophrenia, a term he also coined.
From the mid-1960s onwards, child psychologists used the word ‘autism’ to describe the exact opposite of what it had meant up until that time. Whereas ‘autism’ in the 1950s referred to excessive hallucinations and fantasy in infants, ‘autism’ in the 1970s referred to a complete lack of an unconscious symbolic life.
- Bonnie Evans
- 10.1177/0952695113484320
- 2013
- Hist Human Sci. 2013 Jul; 26(3): 3-31.
In 1798 before the first use of the word autism, French physician Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard described Victor the Wild Boy of Aveyron, a young boy who was found after being isolated in the woods for 11 years, as being socially withdrawn in addition to having language and
Oct 21, 2014 · The word "autism" was first used in 1908 by Dr. Eugen Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist. It wasn't used as a diagnosis; instead it described a set of symptoms, including self-absorbtion, seen in a...
