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The Spanish Jesuit Francis Xavier, who had toiled on the mission field in India and Japan, was one of the first Jesuits to set foot on Chinese soil in the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644). In 1552, overcome by illness and the logistical nightmare of crossing into China, the famed Jesuit died without seeing his dream of a mission realized.
The Jesuits saw China as equally sophisticated and generally treated China as equals with Europeans in both theory and practice. This Jesuit perspective influenced Leibniz in his cosmopolitan view of China as an equal civilisation with whom scientific exchanges was desirable.
The Jesuits succeeded in erecting some churches in China and managed to convert a number of Chinese, but there was often tension between the Christian priests and the emperor. In 1724, the emperor made Christianity illegal in China and expelled all religious orders, including the Jesuits.
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in 1700, the Jesuits published around 450 works in Chinese.8 The Jesuits’ alignment with Confucianism seemed to also require a very deliberate disavowal of Buddhism, to the extent that mis-sionaries followed the long-standing practice of arguing against (in this case, Buddhist) heresies through oral disputations, while
Feb 3, 2014 · What was the understanding of Chinese religions developed by Jesuits, and how did such understanding impact modern understanding of religion, both in the West and in China? How did Jesuits react to the events and debates that reconfigured the religious space in modern and contemporary China?
K. S. Latourette; Missionary and Mandarin: The Jesuits at the Court of China. By Arnold H. Rowbotham. (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California P
Missionary and Mandarin: The Jesuits at the Court of China.Arnold H. Rowbotham . Donald F. Lach
