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What is effect modification?
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What is effect-measure modification?
Effect modification is something we want to highlight in our results, not something to be adjusted away. How Different is Different? Unlike for confounding, where a 10% change from crude to adjusted is an accepted definition for confounding, there exists no such standardized definition for how different the stratum-specific measures must be to ...
- Why Effect Modification Is Important
- How to Study Effect Modification
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Effect Modification is very important in clinical studies because it allows us to: 1. Define high-risk subgroups, 2. Take preventive, protective actions to ensure the health of subgroups. 3. Be more precise in estimating effect, 4. Conduct meaningful comparisons among different studies that might have different proportions of effect-modifying group...
Locating effect modifications is often a trial-and-error process. The first step is usually collecting information on potential effect modifiers. Then, if you are designing an experiment or study, you will want to modify the study to test these potential effect modifiers, by incorporating comparisons between different subgroups. If the experiment o...
Corraini et. al. Effect modification, interaction and mediation: an overview of theoretical insights for clinical investigators. Clinical Epidemiology. 2017; 9: 331–338. Published online 2017 Jun 8. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S129728. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476432/ on August 5, 2018. Pennsylvania State University Eberly...
effect modifier) “Differences in the effect measure for one factor at different levels of another factor” [Porta, 2008] This is often called “effect modification” Definition based on the comparison between observed and expected joint effects of a risk factor and a third variable [deviation from some specified model]
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Nov 19, 2020 · Effect modification is something we want to highlight in our results, not something to be adjusted away. How Different is Different? Unlike for confounding, where a 10% change from crude to adjusted is an accepted definition for confounding, there exists no such standardized definition for how different the stratum-specific measures must be to ...
Aug 1, 2012 · In the definition of effect modification given above, we considered whether the effect of an exposure on an outcome varies across strata defined by another variable. This is arguably how the term “effect modification” has traditionally been used within epidemiology.
- T J Vander Weele
- 10.1515/2161-962X.1004
- 2012
- 2012/08/08
We propose one simple distinction between effect modification (a single causal reality) and association modification (a statistical phenomenon). Our definition explains why the 2 ideas converge in a well-executed 2 × 2 factorial randomized trial—the closest we can get to an “atomic” assignment of the values of 2 causes.
The concepts of effect modification, interaction and mediation have long existed in epidemiology to help understand different aspects of diseases or conditions, their treatments and risk factors. 1 – 4 Yet, literature on these notions has rarely been adapted to facilitate the understanding of the clinical reader. 5 In this article, we revisited ...
