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Following is a list of rivers, which are at least partially, if not predominantly located within Poland. Rivers by length. For list of rivers in alphabetical order, please use table-sort buttons.
- Overview
- Geology
- Physiography
Vistula River, largest river of Poland and of the drainage basin of the Baltic Sea. With a length of 651 miles (1,047 kilometres) and a drainage basin of some 75,100 square miles (194,500 square kilometres), it is a waterway of great importance to the nations of eastern Europe; more than 85 percent of the river’s drainage basin, however, lies in Polish territory. The Vistula is connected with the Oder drainage area by the Bydgoszcz Canal. Eastward the Narew and Bug rivers and the Dnieper–Bug Canal link it with the vast inland waterway systems of Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia.
The source of the Vistula is found about 15 miles south of Bielsko-Biała on the northern slopes of the western Beskid range, in southern Poland, at an altitude of 3,629 feet (1,106 metres). It flows generally from south to north through the mountains and foothills of southern Poland and across the lowland areas of the great North European Plain, ending in a delta estuary that enters the Baltic Sea near the port of Gdańsk. The average elevation of the Vistula basin is 590 feet above sea level; the mean river gradient is 0.10 percent, and the mean velocity in the river channel amounts to 2.6 feet per second. In addition to Poland’s capital city, Warsaw, a number of large towns and industrial centres lie on the banks of the Vistula. These include Kraków, which was Poland’s capital from the 11th century to the close of the 16th, Nowa Huta, Sandomierz, Płock, Toruń, Malbork, and Gdańsk. Numerous centres of tourism and recreation as well as many health resorts flank the Vistula valley. Here and there along the river rise the ruins of medieval strongholds, some of which have been restored.
The present spatial pattern of the Vistula’s tributary system and delta is the result of the changes in relief that occurred beginning about 30 million years ago. In the mountains the Vistula valley assumed its present shape much earlier and still reveals the way in which it has adapted itself to the geologic structure; in the lowland, on the other hand, the valley evolution was contingent on the history of the successive glaciations and, in particular, on changes during the interglacial period in which the Vistula abandoned its previous west–east valley and established its present northward course. The terminal part of the lower Vistula was finally stabilized in postglacial times, after the formation of the Baltic Sea.
A characteristic feature of the Vistula drainage basin is its asymmetry, with a predominance of right-bank over left-bank tributaries. This is the result of the general slant of the North European Plain in a northwesterly direction, which enabled the more powerful rivers of the Baltic drainage area to intercept the glacial streams flowing farther east.
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The course of the Vistula consists of three principal sections delineated by the San and Narew rivers, the two most prominent tributaries. The upper reach extends from the source to where the San joins its parent river near Sandomierz; its length is about 240 miles. The middle reach, from the mouth of the San to that of the Narew, northwest of Warsaw, is about 170 miles long. Finally, the lower reach, extending to the Baltic, covers 240 miles from the mouth of the Narew to the mouth of the estuary into the Gulf of Gdańsk.
In its upper course the Vistula is a mountain stream with a steep gradient of up to 5 percent. Its main sources are the Czarna Wisełka and the Biała Wisełka, two brooks that meet to form the Mała Wisła (“Small Vistula”), which then flows northward. Some 25 miles farther on, the river gradient decreases suddenly to some 0.04 percent; from there, after turning eastward, the Vistula enters Lake Goczałkowice, an artificial storage basin built in 1955. Upon exiting the lake, the Vistula assumes the character of a lowland stream, with its gradient decreasing to 0.03–0.02 percent in the middle reaches and to 0.02–0.002 percent in its final stages. At a distance of 65 miles from the source, the Vistula is joined by the Przemsza River, a left-bank tributary, after which—for 585 miles—it is navigable. After the Soła and Skawa—two right-bank tributaries—join the river, the Vistula forces its way through a gap carved through a range of hills just before the city of Kraków. Channel improvements to this section have deprived the Vistula of much of its original character: several spillway steps have been constructed, creating a channel navigable by 300-ton barges. After passing through Kraków the Vistula turns to the east and, later, northeastward, crossing the wide Sandomierz Basin, where the valley is entered successively by the left-bank tributaries Szreniawa, Nida, Czarna, and Koprzywianka and from the right by the rivers Raba, Dunajec, Wisłoka, and San.
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The inflow of the San River marks the beginning of the middle reaches of the Vistula, which then turns northward, breaching another gap through an upland area. In the course of its middle reaches the Vistula absorbs, from the left, the Radomka and Pilica and, from the right, the rivers Wieprz, Wilga, Świder, and Narew. Below the confluence with the Narew, where the lower reach of the river starts, the Vistula turns first to the west and then, after receiving the Bzura, a left-bank tributary, in a northwesterly direction; meanwhile from the right, the Skrwa and Drwęca join the river. In part of the valley, from the mouth of the Wieprz River to Toruń, the natural, untamed character of the Vistula predominates.
There the river runs in a channel 2,000 to 4,000 feet wide, practically devoid of controlling structures; in parts the valley reaches widths up to six to nine miles, with the banks often 200 to 330 feet high. The low gradient of the river channel and abundant sandbanks render navigation difficult; in spring, when the ice cover breaks up and floats downstream, dangerous ice dams may form, causing the flooding of surrounding areas and often destroying embankments and bridges. A spillway step constructed at Włoclawek in 1968 initiated a series of improvements that continued through the 1980s.
Nida, Pilica, Bzura, Brda, Wda. • right. Dunajec, Wisłoka, San, Wieprz, Narew, Drwęca. The Vistula ( / ˈvɪstjʊlə /; Polish: Wisła, Polish pronunciation: [ˈviswa] ⓘ, German: Weichsel) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at 1,047 kilometres (651 miles) in length.
Apr 25, 2017 · Longest Rivers in Poland Total Length; 1: Vistula: 651 miles: 2: Oder: 531 miles (shared with the Czech Republic and Germany) 3: Warta: 502 miles: 4: Bug: 480 miles (shared with Belarus and Ukraine) 5: Narew: 301 miles (shared with Belarus) 6: San: 275 miles (shared with Ukraine) 7: Notec: 241 miles: 8: Pilica: 198 miles: 9: Wieprz: 188 miles ...
- John Misachi
Following is a list of rivers, which are at least partially in Poland . Rivers by length. Categories: Rivers of Poland. Lists of rivers by country. Lists of rivers of Europe. Poland-related lists.
River NameEmptying IntoTotal Length (in Km)Length In Poland (in Km)10471047854742808808772587It is Poland's second-longest river in total length and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows 742 kilometres (461 mi) through western Poland, later forming 187 kilometres (116 mi) of the border between Poland and Germany as part of the Oder–Neisse line . [2]
Mar 20, 2023 · Overview. Articles. Gallery - Tokyo. Gallery - Wakayama. The Longest Rivers in Poland. They tend to rise in the southern mountainous region and travel north to the Baltic Sea, but what are the longest rivers in Poland? We’ve got the facts you can bank on. Travel and Exploration. 20 March 2023.
