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The Spemann-Mangold organizer is a group of cells that are responsible for the induction of the neural tissues during development in amphibian embryos. First described in 1924 by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold , the introduction of the organizer provided evidence that the fate of cells can be influenced by factors from other cell populations. [1]
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The Spemann-Mangold organizer, also known as the Spemann organizer, is a cluster of cells in the developing embryo of an amphibian that induces development of the central nervous system. Hilde Mangold was a PhD candidate who conducted the organizer experiment in 1921 under the direction of her graduate advisor, Hans Spemann at the University of Fre...
In the first three decades of the twentieth century, Hans Spemann experimented and led graduate students in conducting experiments with South African clawed frog embryos (Xenopus laevis) and newt embryos (Triturus taeniatus and Triturus cristatus). Spemann also developed the microtools needed for early experimental embryology, namely glass needles ...
The techniques used to discover the Spemann-Mangold organizer had limitations. The technique for transplanting the organizer involved surgery at a cellular scale, and it demanded great precision. When possible, transplanting was difficult, and many things could not be transferred under the surface of the ectodermic layer because it is only one cell...
The Einsteck method consists of using the glass and hair microsurgical tools developed by Spemann to plant material inside of the blastocoels of a developing embryo in either the blastula or early gastrula stage. This technique insures that material need not fuse with or adhere to the ectodermic layer. It simply passes through the ectoderm into the...
Spemanns co-researcher, Hanns Bruno Geinitz transplanted a Spemann-Mangold organizer into developing blastocoels using the Einsteck method, which induced embryos like the ones obtained in Spemann and Mangolds original experiments. Geinitz expanded on the original organizer experiment by transferring organizers from frogs and toads into salamander g...
The amphibious Spemann-Mangold organizer has developmental analogues in both fish (embryonic shield) and bird (Hensens node) embryos that are responsible for body plan arrangement. Spemann and Mangolds work with induction and organization in developing amphibian embryos culminated in Spemann being awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1935. The No...
Nov 1, 2021 · The Spemann organizer regulates the early developmental processes by multiple regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the responsive signaling in organizer formation and how the organizer orchestrates the germ layer specification in vertebrates.
- Vijay Kumar, Soochul Park, Unjoo Lee, Jaebong Kim
- 10.3390/jdb9040047
- 2021
- J Dev Biol. 2021 Dec; 9(4): 47.
Feb 22, 2021 · The Spemann organizer blocks the action of BMP-4 by secreting molecules of the proteins chordin and noggin. Both of these physically bind to BMP-4 molecules in the extracellular space and thus prevent BMP-4 from binding to receptors on the surface of the overlying ectoderm cells.
Jun 15, 2010 · Hans Spemann was an experimental embryologist best known for his transplantation studies and as the originator of the “organizer” concept. One of his earliest experiments involved constricting the blastomeres of a fertilized salamander egg with a noose of fine baby hair, resulting in a partially double embryo with two heads and one tail.
The Spemann-Mangold Organizer. Hans Spemann and his graduate student Hilde Mangold perfected a technique to do cross species transplantations of the dorsal blastopore lip to new locations in the host's body. Spemann had wondered for years what exactly the dorsal lip of the blastopore did.
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What is a Spemann-Mangold organizer?
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The Mechanisms of Axis Formation in Amphibians. The experiments of Spemann and Mangold showed that the dorsal lip of the blastopore, and the notochord that forms from it, constituted an “organizer” that could instruct the formation of new embryonic axes.
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