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The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection."
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- Physical Layer – Layer 1. The lowest layer of the OSI reference model is the physical layer. It is responsible for the actual physical connection between the devices.
- Data Link Layer (DLL) – Layer 2. The data link layer is responsible for the node-to-node delivery of the message. The main function of this layer is to make sure data transfer is error-free from one node to another, over the physical layer.
- Network Layer – Layer 3. The network layer works for the transmission of data from one host to the other located in different networks. It also takes care of packet routing i.e.
- Transport Layer – Layer 4. The transport layer provides services to the application layer and takes services from the network layer. The data in the transport layer is referred to as Segments.
- Layer 1 is the physical layer. There’s a lot of technology in Layer 1 - everything from physical network devices, cabling, to how the cables hook up to the devices.
- Layer 2 is the data link layer. Layer 2 defines how data is formatted for transmission, how much data can flow between nodes, for how long, and what to do when errors are detected in this flow.
- Layer 3 is the network layer. This is where we send information between and across networks through the use of routers. Instead of just node-to-node communication, we can now do network-to-network communication.
- Layer 4 is the transport layer. This where we dive into the nitty gritty specifics of the connection between two nodes and how information is transmitted between them.
Learn what the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is, how it divides network communications into seven layers, and what protocols are used at each layer. The OSI model provides a universal language for computer networking and a framework for modern applications.
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What are the 7 layers of the OSI model?
What is the purpose of the OSI model?
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What is the function of each layer of the OSI model?
- Physical Layer. The physical layer is responsible for the physical cable or wireless connection between network nodes. It defines the connector, the electrical cable or wireless technology connecting the devices, and is responsible for transmission of the raw data, which is simply a series of 0s and 1s, while taking care of bit rate control.
- Data Link Layer. The data link layer establishes and terminates a connection between two physically-connected nodes on a network. It breaks up packets into frames and sends them from source to destination.
- Network Layer. The network layer has two main functions. One is breaking up segments into network packets, and reassembling the packets on the receiving end.
- Transport Layer. The transport layer takes data transferred in the session layer and breaks it into “segments” on the transmitting end. It is responsible for reassembling the segments on the receiving end, turning it back into data that can be used by the session layer.
The OSI reference model describes the functions of a telecommunication or networking system, while TCP/IP is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet. TCP/IP and OSI are the most broadly used networking models for communication.
Mar 14, 2022 · Learn the conceptual framework of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which describes networking or telecommunications systems as seven layers with different functions. Find out why the OSI model is still relevant for networking professionals and how to memorize its layers with examples and mnemonics.
