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- Compression springs store and release energy when subjected to a compressive force. As the spring compresses, it stores energy within its structure. When the force is removed, energy is released and the spring expands to its original length.
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What is a compression spring?
What happens if a spring is compressed?
How do compression springs work?
What happens when a spring is stretched or compressed?
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of ...
Discover the phenomena of springs and Hooke's Law. Explore how force applied to a spring results in compression or elongation, and how this relationship is linear. Uncover the concept of restorative force and how it counteracts applied force, keeping our spring in equilibrium. Created by Sal Khan.
- 10 min
- Sal Khan
- I have a simple question: On a microscopic level, what force(s) makes the spring want to restore its...The equilibrium position of the string minimizes the potential energy of the metal atoms from which the spring is constructed. I don't know how muc...
- What are elastomers ? Please help. Thank you.Elastomers are polymers that are designed to be highly elastic (they can stretch far without breaking). For example, yoga pants, running tights, ny...
- What does the constant K of the spring determine ? Does it vary from spring to spring depending on t...K is a constant that represents the elasticity of a spring (and therefore stiffness). It varies between spring to spring, depending on what it is m...
- As Sal explained in the video that the restoring for is ' F = -kx", he also take the restoring force...Sal is right. If k has a big value, you will have to apply a huge force to cause a small displacement. But that also means (k having a big value) t...
- well what does x stand for?x is the displacement of the spring's end from its equilibrium point - how much the spring is stretched (or, in the other direction, compressed)
- I have a query regarding springs in a series combination. Say, there's a thread attached to the ceil...great point. yes, usually we have 'mass-less' springs... ie their mass is very very small compared to the mass being suspended by the springs. OR w...
- I saw F= k*x^2/2 what is that different from Hooke's law?I believe you mean U = k*x^2/2. This is equivalent to Hooke's law. (U is potential energy stored by spring device)
- Are the units for "K" kg/s^2 ? In that case does the number have this units for an experimental reas...F = kx. What MUST the units of k be if x is in meters and F has to be in Newtons? That's how constants work.
When a force is placed on a material, the material stretches or compresses in response to the force. We are all familiar with materials like rubber which stretch very easily. In mechanics, the force applied per unit area is what is important, this is called the stress (symbol σ ).
- What is nominal length?nominal length = original/initial length
- I didn't understood what that minus in formula was for?It just tells us that the exerted by the spring will be in the opposite direction to the force applied.
- The spring constant is the same for all springs or different? explain.It varies between spring to spring, depending on what it is made of, the shape of the spring, and the width of the wire.
- is spring constant is same on another planet?gravity won't change the rigidity of the spring, so I think it is the same on other planets
- I have a question on example 2a. If the nominal length is 50mm, and the compression is of 50mm then ...The nominal length is 50m. But the spring is being extended not compressed and therefore, the formula is L = Li + x= 50 mm +50 mm = 100 mm
- I don't understand what the length notations of springs refers to. For example, strain is defined as...The spring has some length when it is relaxed, right? That's the initial length.
- Why is k=E.A/L? if we put K = -F.x and E=stress/strain = (F/A)/(x/L) = F.L/(A.x) then we get -F.x = ...I think we are only interested in the absolute value. You need not include the negative sign.
- in exercise 1, when we divided F over K, why the K isn't negative as hooke's law said?Hooke's law doesn't say that the constant k is negative. The negative sign is only saying that the force is in the opposite direction of the displa...
- In exercise 1, how come the F (force) is equal to mg, not mgh? When the person steps on, there is st...I think you're confused as to the difference between gravitational force and potential energy. Close enough to the Earth's surface, we always feel...
- Overview
- Key terms
- Hooke’s law
- How to analyze a spring force vs. displacement graph
- Common mistakes and misconceptions
- Learn more
Review the key concepts, equations, and skills for spring potential energy and Hooke's law. Understand how to analyze a spring force vs. displacement graph.
[What happens when a spring is stretched too far?]
The force required to stretch an elastic object such as a metal spring is directly proportional to the extension of the spring for small distances. The force exerted back by the spring is known as Hooke's law
F→s=−kx→
Where Fs is the force exerted by the spring, x is the displacement relative to the unstretched length of the spring, and k is the spring constant.
The spring force is called a restoring force because the force exerted by the spring is always in the opposite direction to the displacement. This is why there is a negative sign in the Hooke’s law equation. Pulling down on a spring stretches the spring downward, which results in the spring exerting an upward force.
The area under the force in the spring vs. displacement curve is the work done on the spring. Figure 1 shows a plot of force on the spring vs. displacement, where displacement is 0 when the spring is unstretched. The work done on a spring stores elastic potential energy Us in the spring until the spring goes back to its original length. Therefore, Us is equal to the work done and also to the area under the curve.
The area is a triangle with the following equation:
Us=12base⋅height=12x⋅kx=12kx2
Note that the spring constant k is the slope of the line since k=|F→||x→| .
Although the spring force is a restoring force and has a negative sign, the elastic potential energy Us cannot be negative. As soon as the spring is stretched or compressed, there is positive potential energy stored in the spring.
For deeper explanations of elastic potential energy, see our video introducing springs and Hooke's law and the video on potential energy stored in a spring.
To check your understanding and work toward mastering these concepts, check out the exercise on calculating spring force and the exercise on calculating elastic potential energy.
A compression spring is made of round spring wire and has the shape of a helical coil. There are adjacent coils with pitch that make up its length. A compression spring is designed to store or release elastic energy when compressed. It can also absorb shock or maintain a force between two surfaces.
Mar 12, 2024 · These forces remove mechanical energy from the system, gradually reducing the motion until the ruler comes to rest. The simplest oscillations occur when the restoring force is directly proportional to displacement. This is called Hooke’s law force, or spring force: \[F=-k x. onumber \]
When a spring is stretched or compressed, so that its length changes by an amount x from its equilibrium length, then it exerts a force F = -kx in a direction towards its equilibrium position. The force a spring exerts is a restoring force, it acts to restore the spring to its equilibrium length.
