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The Natural History of Wheat Wheat's beginnings can be traced to a clan of wild grasses called Triticeae, the seeds of which had a flavor that was pleasing to primitive people. Triticeae included wheat, barley, rye, their wild relatives, and a number of important wild grasses.
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Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum (/ ˈ t r ɪ t ɪ k ə m /); the most widely grown is common wheat (T. aestivum). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent ...
- Wheat Varieties
- Origins of Wheat
- Changes During Domestication
- How Long Did Domestication take?
- Spread Around The Globe: Bouldnor Cliff
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Most of the 25,000 different forms of modern wheat are varieties of two broad groups, called common wheat and durum wheat. Common or bread wheat Triticum aestivum accounts for some 95 percent of all the consumed wheat in the world today; the other five percent is made up of durum or hard wheat T. turgidum ssp. durum, used in pasta and semolina prod...
The origins of our modern wheat, according to genetics and archaeological studies, are found in the Karacadag mountain region of what is today southeastern Turkey—emmer and einkorn wheats are two of the classic eight founder crops of the origins of agriculture. The earliest known use of emmer was gathered from wild patches by the people who lived a...
The main differences between the wild forms and domesticated wheat are that domesticated forms have larger seeds with hulls and a non-shattering rachis. When wild wheat is ripe, the rachis—the stem that keeps the wheat shafts together—shatters so that the seeds can disperse themselves. Without hulls, they germinate rapidly. But that naturally usefu...
One of the ongoing arguments about wheat is the length of time it took for the domestication process to complete. Some scholars argue for a fairly rapid process, of a few centuries; while others argue that the process from cultivation to domestication took up to 5,000 years. The evidence is abundant that by about 10,400 years ago, domesticated whea...
The distribution of wheat outside of its place of origin is part of the process known as "Neolithicization." The culture generally associated with the introduction of wheat and other crops from Asia to Europe is generally the Lindearbandkeramik (LBK) culture, which may have been made up of part immigrant farmers and part local hunter-gatherers adap...
Avni, Raz, et al. "Wild Emmer Genome Architecture and Diversity Elucidate Wheat Evolution and Domestication." Science,vol. 357, no. 6346, 2017, pp. 93–97. Print.International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium. "A Chromosome-Based Draft Sequence of the Hexaploid Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Genome." Science, vol. 345, no. 6194, 2014. Print.Fuller, Dorian Q, and Leilani Lucas. "Adapting Crops, Landscapes, and Food Choices: Patterns in the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants across Eurasia." Human Dispersal and Species Movement: From Preh...Huang, Lin, et al. "Evolution and Adaptation of Wild Emmer Wheat Populations to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses." Annual Review of Phytopathology,vol. 54, no. 1, 2016, pp. 279–301. Print.Learn how wheat was domesticated from wild emmer and einkorn in the Near Eastern Fertile Crescent, and how it spread to Europe and the world. Explore the genetic and archaeological evidence of the domestication process and its effects on wheat traits and human culture.
May 10, 2024 · Wheat, any of several species of cereal grasses of the genus Triticum and their edible grains. Wheat is one of the oldest and most important of the cereal crops. It is used to make bread, pasta, cake, crackers, cookies, pastries, flour, and many other foodstuffs. Learn more about wheat in this article.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- The nutritional composition of the wheat grain varies with differences in climate and soil. On average, a kernel of wheat contains 12 percent water...
- Common wheat ( Triticum aestivum) is used in making bread.
- White flour is the flour recovered from milled wheat grains. White flour, which does not contain the germ, preserves longer.
- Celiac disease, also called nontropical sprue or celiac sprue, is an inherited autoimmune digestive disorder in which affected individuals cannot t...
Nov 22, 2019 · But how much do you know about this grain that forms such a significant part of our diet, and how has the wheat we eat changed over the centuries? The era of the landrace. Wheat has been cultivated for more than 10,000 years, beginning in the Fertile Crescent and arriving in the UK around 5,000 years
Sep 8, 2021 · Origin and Evolution. The history of wheat from about 10,000 B.C. is an important part of the history of agriculture [ 2 ]. Wheat is thought to have first been cultivated in the Fertile Crescent, an area in the Middle East spreading from Jordan, Palestine, and Lebanon to Syria, Turkey, Iraq, and Iran [ 14 ].
It spread from its place of origin into Central Europe and into China, where it has been grown for perhaps 5,000 years. Wheat was brought to North America after the discovery of the New World, but corn remained the major crop of the early settlers.
