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  1. Nov 9, 2009 · But in 1630, Sweden, under the leadership of Gustavus Adolphus, took the side of the northern Protestants and joined the fight, with its army helping to push Catholic forces back and regain much...

  2. Now, the Catholic League was in control of all the Catholic armed forces. At the First Battle of Breitenfeld , the Catholic League led by General Tilly was defeated by the Swedish forces. A year later (1632), they met again in the Battle of Rain , and this time General Tilly was killed.

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  4. The establishment of the League prompted the Catholics into banding together to form the Catholic League in 1609, under the leadership of the Duke Maximilian. By 1617 it was apparent that Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, would die without an heir, with his lands going to his nearest male relative, his cousin Ferdinand of Styria ...

  5. Protestants. By Carl Seaver. The Church is supposed to be about love and worship. So, how did it end up in the middle of a war that lasted for three decades? The Thirty Years’ War is considered one of the most devastating wars in Central Europe. It caused the death of 4 to 12 million people from 1618 to 1648.

  6. The Swedish Phase (1630-1635) introduced a new Protestant champion, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, whose military innovations and decisive victories. At the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1631, King Gustavus Adolphus employing innovative tactics to defeat the Catholic League's army.

  7. The Habsburgs led a Catholic League, supported by powerful Catholic princes, while Frederick of the Palatinate, a German Calvinist prince, led the Protestant League against the forces of the emperor. From 1620 – 1629, Catholic forces won a series of major victories against the Protestants.

  8. Nov 9, 2023 · From 20 to 24 May 1631, the capture of the Lower Saxon city of Magdeburg by the Imperial army under Tilly and the forces of the Catholic League saw a terrible massacre: a storm of violence conducted by field marshal Count Gottfried Pappenheim left up to 20,000 of the city’s 25,000 Protestant inhabitants dead – the war’s worst atrocity.

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