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The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The eastern half of the Empire survived the conditions that caused the fall of the West in the 5th century AD, and continued to exist until the fall of Constantinople ...
- Origins
- Justinian I
- The Byzantine Dark Age
- Byzantine Comeback?
- The Great Schism of 1054
- The Fourth Crusade
- The End of The Byzantine Empire
- Additional Resources
- Bibliography
- Timeline
By the early fourth century A.D., the Roman Empirecovered a huge territory, from northern England to Syria. However, it had become difficult to govern and rife with problems, so in A.D. 293, the emperor Diocletian introduced a system known as the tetrarchy. This effectively split the empire into four regions — two of which were ruled by emperors (a...
Justinian I became emperor in 527. He was the nephew and adopted son of Justin I, who had been a palace guard before usurping the throne in 518. While many historians say that Byzantium's golden age occurred during his reign, Justinian's rule didn't start off very promisingly. Early in his reign, Justinian moved to further cement Christianity as th...
Justinian I died in 565. The centuries after Justinian's death are sometimes referred to as the Byzantine "Dark Age," as a series of misfortunes befell the empire. In the west, much of the territory that Justinian had captured was lost. By the beginning of the seventh century, "much of Italy was under Lombard rule, Gaul was in Frankish hands and th...
Byzantium never returned to the "golden age" it had experienced during Justinian's rule. Nevertheless, the military situation stabilized in the ninth century, and by the 11th century, Byzantium had regained a considerable amount of territory that it had lost. By the time of Emperor Basil II's death in December 1025, after a reign of almost 50 years...
On July 16, 1054, a papal legate (representative) named Humbert of Silva Candida excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius. At the time Pope Leo IX had recently died and a new pope had not been selected. The patriarch refused to relinquish power and excommunicated Humbert in return. This resulted in a schism breaking out b...
In 1204, an army of crusaders from the west sacked Constantinople and installed a short-lived line of rulers. The idea of Christians crusading against other Christians was strange even by the standards of the Middle Ages. There are a number of reasons why it came to this. The Great Schism of 1054 and the subsequent decades of separation between the...
While Constantinople was once again under control of a Greek ruler, its end was drawing near. The empire struggled on into the 15th century, but the emperors gradually lost their importance in favor of religious officials. In 1395, Patriarch Anthony, the Patriarch of Constantinople, felt the need to give a speech explaining why the Byzantine empero...
The Byzantine Empire's warriors fought many battles. Read about the discovery of a 14th-century soldier whose fractured jaw had been healed with gold thread. You can also learn about some rare 1,000-year-old Byzantine swords in this article. Some examples of Byzantine era shipwreckscan be seen in this photo gallery.
Geanakoplos, D. (1984) "Byzantium: Church Society, and Civilization Seen through Contemporary Eyes" University of Chicago Press Theotokis, G, and Meško, M. (eds) (2021) "War in Eleventh-Century Byzantium" Routledge, 2021 Gregory, T. (2010) "A History of Byzantium" Wiley-Blackwell John Giebfried and Kyle Lincoln "The Remaking of the Medieval World, ...
October 312Constantine I is victorious at the Battle of Milvian Bridge and becomes emperor of the western half of the Roman Empire. 324Constantine wins the Battle of Chrysopolis and becomes the sole ruler of the Roman Empire. After this Byzantium (later renamed Constantinople) is built up as a second capital of the Roman Empire. 337Constantine dies...
The Eastern half, known as the Byzantine Empire, lasted for more than 1,000 years. Until the mid-11th century, when it began to decline in power, the Byzantine Empire was one of the leading civilizations in the world.
The Byzantine Empire was the eastern continuation of the Roman Empire after the Western Roman Empire's fall in the fifth century CE. It lasted from the fall of the Roman Empire until the Ottoman conquest in 1453.
- Constantinople was renamed Istanbul when the Ottomans under Mehmed II captured it. The Byzantine Empire ceased to exist following this conquest.
- Defense is always easier than offense. Defenders merely have to stop people getting "in" until supplies run out. Attackers have to bring their supp...
- I'm pretty sure it's because Roman culture and life more transformed into Italy and some other places than it did die. For example, Latin evolved i...
- Not in 2020 they're not. But to the end of the empire, they not only claimed to be Romans, but they WERE the Roman empire.
- Not only in the middle, but on a high hill, to boot.
- Justinian did make peace treaties with Persia. If he hadn't Rome would have fallen. He kept the peace with Syria and Egypt by making Theodora his e...
This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the Eastern Roman Empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided.
Periodization is imperfect, but traditionally historians often conveniently subdivide the history of the Byzantine Empire from a.d. 330 to 602, Early Byzantine Period; 610 – 1025 or 1081, Middle Byzantine Period; and 1025 to 1453, Late Byzantine.
Contents. Home Geography & Travel Historical Places. From 867 to the Ottoman conquest. The Macedonian era: 867–1025. Under the Macedonians, at least until the death of Basil II in 1025, the empire enjoyed a golden age.
