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The Mongol Empire
- The loss of the Sixteen Prefectures exposed the plains of central China (zhongyuan) to the Mongol Empire in the 13th century. The Mongols would later conquer the Jin and Song dynasties, establishing the Yuan dynasty of China.
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In 1368, Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty ordered general Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to call for the restoration of Han rule. They sent a Northern Expedition to Zhongyuan, overthrowing the Yuan's rule in China proper and establishing Ming. The Sixteen Prefectures were then restored to Han rule.
The Liao dynasty launched multiple military campaigns against neighboring states and peoples including the Kumo Xi, Shiwei, Tatars, Zubu, Khongirad, Balhae, Goryeo, Later Tang, and the Song dynasty. Its conquests include the Sixteen Prefectures (including present-day Beijing and part of Hebei) by fueling a proxy war that led to the collapse of ...
By 938, when China was still disunited, the Khitan had wrested control over Sixteen Prefectures, including the area of modern Beijing. Even earlier, they had manifested their desire to govern the Chinese regions they had seized and to establish a true dynasty.
Mar 10, 2023 · The most important early gains was the Sixteen Prefectures (including present-day Beijing and part of Hebei) by fueling a proxy war that led to the collapse of the Later Tang dynasty (923–936). In 1004, the Liao dynasty launched an imperial expedition against the Northern Song dynasty.
Most of the Sixteen Prefectures including the two principal cities, Youzhou (also called Yanzhou, modern Beijing) and Yunzhou (modern Datong) remained in Liao hands until the 1120s, when the Jurchens of the Jin dynasty conquered the region. In 1123, the Jurchens ceded most of the territories except Yunzhou to the Song, but retook them in 1125.
In 1044 the modern-day city of Datong was declared to be a capital of an area consisting of parts of the conquered Sixteen Prefectures and the Yinshan Mountain region. Prior to this, it had been a part of the Southern Circuit.
Jun 20, 2019 · The so-called 'Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun' area was the reward bestowed by Liao for helping Shi Jingtang (the founder of the Latter Jin) to defeat the Latter Tang in the Five Dynasties and Ten States period.
