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Lord Macartney's embassy, 1793 The French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot (1718–1793) was the official translator of Western languages for the Qianlong Emperor. Illustration depicting the last European delegation to be received at the Qianlong Emperor's court in 1795 – Isaac Titsingh (seated European with hat, far left) and A.E. van Braam ...
Qianlong (born September 25, 1711, China—died February 7, 1799, Beijing) was the fourth emperor of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12) whose six-decade reign (1735–96) was one of the longest in Chinese history. He conducted a series of military campaigns that eliminated the Turk and Mongol threats to northeastern China (1755–60 ...
- Roger Pélissier
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- Background
- Early Years
- Ascension to The Throne
- Frontier Wars
- Artistic Achievements
- Later Years
- The Macartney Embassy
- Abdication
- Legends
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Qing Manchu Dynasty
The Manchu Qing ( Ch'ing) dynasty was first established in 1636 by the Manchus to designate their regime in Manchuria and came to power after defeating the Chinese Ming dynasty and taking Beijing in 1644. The first Qing emperor, Shunzhi Emperor (Fu-lin ,reign name, Shun-chih), was put on the throne at the age of five and controlled by his uncle and regent, Dorgon, until Dorgon died in 1650. During the reign of his successor, the Kangxi Emperor (K'ang-hsi emperor; reigned 1661–1722), the last...
The Qianlong Emperor was born Hongli, September 25, 1711. Certain myths and legends claim that Hongli was actually a Han and not of Manchu descent, others say that he was half Manchu and half Han Chinese. It is apparent from historical records that Hongli was loved both by his grandfather, the Kangxi Emperor and his father, the Yongzheng Emperor. S...
Even before Yongzheng’s will was read to the assembled court, it was widely known that Hongli would be the new emperor. The young Hongli had been a favorite of his grandfather, Kangxi, and his father, and Yongzheng had entrusted a number of important ritual tasks to him while Hongli was still a prince, and included him in important court discussion...
The Qianlong Emperor was a successful military leader, presiding over a consolidation of the expansive territory controlled by the Qing dynasty. This was made possible not only by Chinese military strength but also by the declining strength and the disunity of the Inner Asian peoples. Under Qianlong, Chinese Turkestan was incorporated into the Qing...
The Qianlong Emperor was a major patron of the arts. The most significant of his commissions was a catalog of all important works on Chinese culture, the Siku quanshu(四庫全書). Produced in 36,000 volumes, containing about 3,450 complete works and employing as many as 15,000 copyists, the entire work took some twenty years. It preserved many books, but...
In his later years, Qianlong became disillusioned with his power, and began to rely heavily on Heshen, his highest-ranking and most favored minister. The day-to-day governance of the country was left in the hands of Heshen while Qianlong himself indulged in luxuries and his favorite pastime of hunting. It is widely remarked by historians that Heshe...
During the mid-eighteenth century, Qianlong began to face severe pressures from the West to increase foreign trade. China’s lack of a Ministry of Foreign Affairs reinforced the belief among Chinese that China was the "central kingdom" of the world. The proposed cultural exchange between the British Empire and the Qing Empire collapsed when Heshen e...
In October 1795, after a reign of 60 years, Qianlong officially announced that in the spring of the following year he would voluntarily abdicate his throne and pass the crown to his son. It was said that Qianlong had made a promise during the year of his ascension not to rule longer than his grandfather, the Kangxi Emperor( 康熙帝 the second Qing empe...
A legend claims that Qianlong was the son of Chen Yuanlong of Haining. When Emperor Kangxi chose the heir to his throne, he not only considered his son's ability to govern the Empire, but also the ability and character of his grandson, in order to ensure the Manchus' everlasting reign over the country. Yongzheng's own son was a weakling, so he surr...
Father: The Yong Zheng Emperor(of whom he was the fourth son)Mother: Empress Xiao Sheng Xian (1692-1777) of the Niuhuru Clan (Chinese: 孝聖憲皇后; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Enduringge Temgetulehe Hūwanghu)- Aixin-Jueluo (愛新覺羅)Aisin-Gioro
- Qiánlóng (乾隆; Ch'ien-lung)Abkai Wehiyehe
- October 18, 1735-February 8, 1796¹
- Hongli (弘曆)Hung Li
Feb 3, 2020 · 12 In translating Qianlong’s edicts to George III into Latin, the missionary translators not only allowed their identification with European discourses to soften the haughty and humiliating tone of the Chinese emperor and “carefully altered the most insolent formulations” (Peyrefitte Citation 1993, 288), but they also took the liberty to “rewrite every phrase connected with the ...
- Hui Wang
- 2020
Jan 11, 2016 · He Wenjun, a teacher and Xibe language translator, sings a popular folk song, “Xiao Qiao Cried for Zhou Yu,” based on a tale from the Ming dynasty novel “Romance of the Three Kingdoms.”
- 56 sec
Qianlong Emperor (1711 — 1799), born Aisin Gioro Hongli and revered as Emperor Gaozong of Qing, was widely regarded as one of the most outstanding monarchs of the Qing Dynasty and an extraordinarily fortunate individual. Confident and intelligent, he achieved success effortlessly, leading the Qing Empire to its zenith during his reign.
Sep 5, 2022 · The Qiánlóng Emperor Despite his retirement, however, the Qianlong Emperor retained ultimate power as the Emperor Emeritus until his death in 1799, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history as well as one of the longest-lived, having died at the age of 87. He was respected as the "Emperor Manjushri" by Tibetans. As a capable and cultured ruler who inherited a thriving empire ...
