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  1. Apr 2, 2014 · Incipiently domesticated plants are those that are in early stages of domestication, with relatively low phenotypic and genetic differentiation compared with their wild relatives. Clement has claimed a distinction between species in incipient state of domestication and those that are semi-domesticated.

    • Ernani Machado de Freitas Lins Neto, Nivaldo Peroni, Alejandro Casas, Fabiola Parra, Xitlali Aguirre...
    • 2014
  2. Mar 3, 2017 · Fully domesticated populations show substantial morphological and genetic changes and depend on human management for their long-term survival, whereas incipiently domesticated plants can survive and reproduce without humans, as is the case of most hyperdominant domesticated species.

    • C. Levis, F. R. C. Costa, F. Bongers, M. Peña-Claros, C. R. Clement, A. B. Junqueira, E. G. Neves, E...
    • 2017
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  4. Apr 2, 2014 · Incipiently domesticated plants are those that are in early stages of domestication, with relatively low phenotypic and genetic differentiation compared with their wild relatives. Clement has claimed a distinction between species in incipient state of domestication and those that are semi-domesticated.

    • Ernani Machado de Freitas Lins Neto, Nivaldo Peroni, Alejandro Casas, Fabiola Parra, Xitlali Aguirre...
    • 2014
  5. Aug 31, 2007 · Domestication is generally considered to be the end-point of a continuum that starts with exploitation of wild plants, continues through cultivation of plants selected from the wild but not yet genetically different from wild plants, and terminates in fixation, through human selection, of morphological and hence genetic differences distinguishin...

    • Barbara Pickersgill
    • 2007
    • Study Area and Sampling
    • DNA Extraction and Genotyping
    • Genetic Diversity and Structure

    This study was carried out in two protected areas in Brazilian Amazonia: the Tapajós National Forest (hereafter Tapajós), in the lower Tapajós River region, State of Pará; and the Rio Ouro Preto Extractive Reserve (hereafter Ouro Preto), in the upper Madeira River region, State of Rondônia. The climate of the Tapajós is classified as Ami in the Köp...

    DNA was extracted from leaves using the CTAB 2% procedure (Doyle and Doyle 1987) with modifications. The main modifications were that the leaves were placed for three hours in a water bath at 65 °C, after which two washes were also performed with 500 μL isoamyl alcohol (24:1) and 50 μL of 2% CTAB, then remained at − 20 °C overnight. DNA quantity wa...

    To describe the genetic structure in the entire sample and in the Tapajós management systems, a Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) was performed with the Adegenet v.1.3.1 package (Jombart and Ahmed 2011) in R v.3.4.3 (R Development Core Team 2017). DAPC is a multivariate method that combines principal component analysis (PCA) and ...

    • Ana Flávia Francisconi, Rubana Palhares Alves, Charles R. Clement, Gabriel Dequigiovanni, Igor A. S....
    • 2021
  6. Ancient Amazonian food production appears to have included a much more diverse array of plants, including fully domesticated, incipiently domesticated, and semi-domesticated species, as well as non-domesticated species managed in agroforestry systems (Clement, 1999; Clement, Borém, & Lopes, 2012).

  7. Because domestication is a process, a continuum of phenotypic and genotypic changes at the population level can occur due to selection of characteristics desired by humans, which can be classified in degrees: incipiently domesticated, semi-domesticated, and domesticated (Clement 1999a).

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