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The formal Maratha empire began in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji as Chhatrapati (“Keeper of the Umbrella”) and ended in 1818 after defeat by the English East India Company. The 17th-century politics in the Indian subcontinent were dominated by multiple Islamic kingdoms, with the Mughal Empire controlling most of north India.
Maratha rule formally began in 1674 [note 1] with the coronation of Shivaji of the Bhonsle dynasty as the Chhatrapati. Although Shivaji came from the Maratha caste, the Maratha empire also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from the Maratha and several other castes from what is known today as Maharashtra. [7] .
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Jul 21, 2018 · The Maratha Empire formally began with the rise of Chhatrapati Shivaji in 1674. The Maratha Empire brought an end to the chaos that prevailed in the Deccan Plateau, as a result of the expansion and advent of the Mughal Empire into south India.
The Maratha Confederacy, also referred to as the Maratha Empire or the Maratha Kingdom, was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent comprising the realms of the Peshwa and four independent Maratha chiefs who were often subordinate to the former.
Early history. Maratha kingdom in 1680. The Maratha kingdom at the death of Shivaji (1680). There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha confederacy.
Maratha confederacy, alliance formed in the 18th century after Mughal pressure forced the collapse of Shivaji ’s kingdom of Maharashtra in western India. After the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb ’s death (1707), Maratha power revived under Shivaji’s grandson Shahu.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- History
- Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj
- Sambhaji
- Rajaram and Tarabai
- Shahu
- Amatya Ramchandra Pant Bawdekar
- Peshwa Baji Rao I
- Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao
- The Decline of The Empire
- Legacy of The Empire
After a lifetime of exploits and guerrilla warfare with Adilshah of Bijapur and Moghul emperor Aurangzeb, the local lord Shivaji founded an independent Maratha nation in 1674, with Raigad as its capital. Shivaji died in 1680, leaving a large, but vulnerably located kingdom. The Mughals invaded, fighting an unsuccessful 25 year long war from 1682 to...
The Hindu Marathas—settled in the Desh region around Satara, in the western portion of the Deccan plateau, where the plateau meets the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats mountains—had successfully resisted incursions into the region by the Muslim Mughal rulers of northern India. Under their leader, Shivaji Maharaj, the Marathas freed themselves fr...
Shivaji had two sons: Sambhaji and Rajaram. Sambhaji, the elder son, was very popular among the courtiers. As well as being a competent politician and a great warrior, he was also a poet. In 1681, Sambhaji had himself crowned and resumed his father's expansionist policies. Sambhaji had earlier defeated the Portuguese and Chikka Deva Raya of Mysore....
Rajaram, Sambhaji's brother, now assumed the throne. Satara, which Rajaram had made his capital, came under siege in 1700 and was eventually surrendered to the Mughals. Rajaram, who had taken refuge in Jinji nine years earlier, died at about the same time. His widow, Tarabai, assumed control in the name of her son Shivaji. Although she offered a tr...
After Emperor Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Shahuji, son of Sambhaji (and grandson of Shivaji), was released by Bahadur Shah, the next Mughal emperor. He immediately claimed the Maratha throne and challenged his aunt Tarabai and her son. This promptly turned the Mughal-Maratha war into a three-cornered affair. The states of Satara and Kolhapur came in...
Ramchandra Pant Amatya Bawdekar was a court administrator who rose up through the ranks from local record-keeper (Kulkarni) to become one of the eight members of the Ashtapradhan (advisory council) under the guidance and support of Shivaji Maharaj. He was one of the prominent Peshwas from the time of Shivaji, prior to the rise of the later Peshwas ...
After Balaji Vishwanath's death in April 1719, his son, Baji Rao I was appointed as Peshwa by Chattrapati Shahuji, one of the most lenient emperors. Shahuji possessed a strong capacity for recognizing talent, and actually caused a social revolution by bringing capable people into power irrespective of their social status. This was an indication of ...
Baji Rao's son, Balaji Bajirao (Nanasaheb), was appointed as a Peshwa by Shahu. The period between 1741 and 1745 was one of comparative calm in the Deccan. Shahuji died in 1749. Nanasaheb encouraged agriculture, protected the villagers, and brought about a marked improvement in the state of the territory. Continued expansion saw Raghunath Rao, the ...
The Peshwa sent an army to challenge the Afghan led alliance of Indian Muslims that included Rohillas, Shujah-ud-dowlah, Nujeeb-ud-dowlah, and the Maratha army was decisively defeated on January 14, 1761, at the Third Battle of Panipat. The Marathas were abandoned by Suraj Mal and Rajputs, who quit the Maratha alliance at a decisive moment, leading...
Often painted as a kind of loose military organization, the Maratha empire was actually revolutionary in nature. It did bring certain fundamental changes initiated by the genius of its founder, the celebrated Shivaji. They can be summarized as below: 1. From its onset, Religious tolerance and religious pluralism were important pillars of the nation...
