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The Ottoman state
- Over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became increasingly powerful and rationalized, exercising a greater degree of influence over its population than in any previous era.
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Which Middle Eastern country had an advanced economy in the early 19th century?
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An example of a Middle Eastern country that had an advanced economy in the early 19th century was Ottoman Egypt, which had a highly productive industrial manufacturing sector, and per-capita income that was comparable to Western European countries such as France and higher than that of Japan and Eastern Europe.
Increased trade and commerce, modern infrastructure, and the introduction of new industries transformed the economic landscape of the region. Social reforms were also a notable feature of the 19th century Middle East. Efforts were made to modernize education, legal systems, and social institutions.
The Middle East was the first to experience a Neolithic Revolution (c. the 10th millennium BCE), as well as the first to enter the Bronze Age (c. 3300–1200 BC) and Iron Age (c. 1200–500 BC). Historically human populations have tended to settle around bodies of water, which is reflected in modern population density patterns.
Egypt’s Short-lived Industrial Revolution. By Trevor Getz. During the nineteenth century, Egypt became a major producer of cotton and embarked on a process of building an industrialized economy. However, Egypt's industrialization ultimately failed, for reasons that are still debated.
Part 7. Nineteenth Century Middle East Middle Eastern Reforms in the Nineteenth Century. Painting by Antoine-Jean Gros of Napoleon’s victory at the Battle of Aboukir in Egypt. By the time the nineteenth century dawned, the Ottoman Empire was well on its way to becoming “the Sick Man of Europe,” as it would soon come to be known among ...
The period also saw the growth of trade both within and beyond the African continent, as agricultural surplus, minerals (mainly gold), ivory, salt, slaves, and other items were traded on the continent and to Asia, the Mediterranean countries, and the Middle East.
Middle East and North Africa over the course of the nineteenth century, either through physical occupation (the French in Algeria in 1832, the British in Egypt in 1887) or through control over the economic routes and markets in the two regions.
