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Holy Roman Empire
- The County of Holland and other nearby territories had a considerable amount of independence from Holy Roman Empire leadership in the 10th and 11th centuries.
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The German kings and emperors ruled the Netherlands in the 10th and 11th century, with the assistance of the Dukes of Lotharingia, and the bishops of Utrecht and Liège. Germany was called the Holy Roman Empire after the coronation of King Otto the Great as emperor.
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The origin of the Dutch monarchy can be traced back to the appointment of William I, Prince of Orange as stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht in 1559 by Philip II of Spain. However, he was removed from office and became the leader of the Dutch Revolt.
The German kings and emperors ruled the Netherlands in the 10th and 11th century, with the assistance of the Dukes of Lotharingia, and the bishops of Utrecht and Liège. Germany was called the Holy Roman Empire after the coronation of King Otto the Great as emperor. The Dutch city of Nijmegen used to be the spot of an important domain of the ...
- William I of Orange, 1579 to 1584. Having inherited estates around the area which became Holland, the young William was sent to the region and educated as a Catholic on the orders of Emperor Charles V. He served Charles and Philip II well, being appointed stadtholder in Holland.
- Maurice of Nassau, 1584 to 1625. The second son of William of Orange, he left university when his father was killed and he was appointed stadtholder. Aided by the British, the Prince of Orange consolidated the union against the Spanish, and took control of military affairs.
- Frederick Henry, 1625 to 1647. The youngest son of William of Orange and third hereditary stadtholder and Prince of Orange, Frederick Henry inherited a war against the Spanish and continued it.
- William II, 1647 to 1650. William II was married to the daughter of Charles I of England, and supported Charles II of England in regaining the throne. When William II succeeded to his father’s titles and positions as the Prince of Orange, he was opposed to the peace deal which would end the generational war for Dutch independence.
- Palaeolithic Era
- Mesolithic Era
- Neolithic Era
- Bronze Age
- Iron Age
- The Roman Period
- The Frankish Empire
- Economic Growth in The Middle Ages
- The Development of Territorial Principalities and The Rise of Towns
- The Demand For Independence
The earliest signs of life during the Palaeolithic era are found on the border of Belgium and the Netherlands near Maastricht, where stone flints and hand axes were found and dated to 250,000 BP. Skeletal remains have led archaeologists to believe that early Neanderthals were indigenous to the area and lived near the now Belgian caves. During 80,00...
It seems that during this era, the population of the Netherlands was divided by the main rivers. Bone tools, flints, and the earliest pine canoe were found and dated back to the period of 8500 BP. This is the oldest vessel found anywhere on the planet. Two of the main culture groups of this era are the Maglemesian group and the Tardenoisian group. ...
During 4100 BP, multiple material cultures began to come into the Netherlands through Belgium. The hunter-gatherers were slowly becoming agricultural through contact with Michelsberg culture that was coming in from Belgium to form the Funnel Beaker culture located in the Netherlands. These cultures were known for collective graves that spanned hund...
The Bronze age can be marked as the beginning of bronze imports coming into the agrarian culture from the isles of Britain and northern Europe. The origins of cremation and the burial of ashes can be found during this contact between the indigenous population of the Netherlands and Britain. Archaeological findings dated back to 1500 BCE suggest tha...
During the Iron age, Celtic and German tribes were starting to come into the region. To the south, Celtic warrior tribes can be traced through their chieftain burial sites that contained chariots, weapons, wine, and tools made of bronze. At the same time, the soil in the northern part of the country was weakening in terms of agricultural value. Thi...
It is hard to understand much of the history of the Netherlands before the Roman empire as most tribes did not have a written language in which to record information, which means that much of the ancient literature about these tribes come from the writings of Julius Caesar, who had invaded Holland to expand his empire during 59 – 52 BCE. And by the...
With the retreat of the Roman empire, the Franks were now able to form an empire along important routes for trade. This allowed them to gain influence and power against the Romans and to eventually take the Netherlands in 768 BC under the rule of Charlemagne which was nearing the end of the Frankish empire. With the death of Louis, the Pious in 840...
After the fall of the Charlemagne Empire in 814, the Low Countries region has been distributed into further smaller states that were controlled by dukes and tallies. Simultaneously, in the Middle Ages, a solid economic development made the Netherlands perhaps the most extravagant region in Europe. Along with agriculture, commerce, and crafts, impor...
During this time, multiple small areas of land were under the rule of certain 'Feudal Lords' who maintained the land and gave fealty to the kings of Germany, France, and the Church or Roman empire. And on the other hand, there were also certain individual rulers who had decided to create secular lands taking the law into their own hands and challen...
One very significant event to play a part in the consolidation of the territories was the development and rise to power of Flanders. Commercial developments were playing a significant role in increasing the economic importance of Flanders, even to the point that it would become the most populated city in the region, gaining influence and value in t...
Viking raids. Rorik of Dorestad, Viking conqueror and ruler of Friesland, a romantic 1912 depiction by Johannes H. Koekkoek. In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Vikings raided the largely defenceless Frisian and Frankish towns lying on the coast and along the rivers of the Low Countries.
A parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, the Kingdom of the Netherlands includes its former colonies in the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten. The Union of Utrecht. Netherlands.
