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Poland is the fifth-most populous country of the European Union and the ninth-largest country in Europe by area. The territory of Poland covers approximately 312,696 km 2 (120,733 sq mi), of which 98.52% is land and 1.48% is water. [1] The Polish coastline was estimated at 770 km (478 mi) in length. [2]
Bibliography of the history of Poland. This is a select bibliography of English language books (including translations) and journal articles about the history of Poland. A brief selection of English translations of primary sources is included. Book entries have references to journal articles and reviews about them when helpful.
The rule of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland between 1386 and 1572 spans the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period in European history. The Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) founded the dynasty; his marriage to Queen Jadwiga of Poland [1] in 1386 strengthened an ongoing Polish–Lithuanian union.
The largest component of Poland's economy is the service sector (62.3%), followed by industry (34.2%) and agriculture (3.5%). Following the economic reform of 1989, Poland's external debt has increased from $42.2 billion in 1989 to $365.2 billion in 2014. Poland shipped US$224.6 billion worth of goods around the globe in 2017, while exports ...
Politics of Poland. The government of Poland takes the form of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. [1] [2] However, its form of government has also been identified as semi-presidential. [3] [4] [5] [6]
t. e. The early modern era of Polish history follows the Late Middle Ages. Historians use the term early modern to refer to the period beginning in approximately 1500 AD and lasting until around 1800. The Nihil novi act adopted by the Polish diet in 1505 transferred legislative power from the king to the diet. This event marked the beginning of ...
Territorial history. In 1492, the territory of Poland-Lithuania – not counting the fiefs of Mazovia, Moldavia, and East Prussia – covered 1,115,000 km 2 (431,000 sq mi), making it the largest territory in Europe; by 1793, it had fallen to 215,000 km 2 (83,000 sq mi), the same size as Great Britain, and in 1795, it disappeared completely. [4]
