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May 13, 2024 · tsunami, catastrophic ocean wave, usually caused by a submarine earthquake, an underwater or coastal landslide, or a volcanic eruption. The term tidal wave is frequently used for such a wave, but it is a misnomer, for the wave has no connection with the tides.
Apr 21, 2023 · For example, intensity VIII on the EMS-98 scale is defined as “many buildings of vulnerability class B suffer damage of grade 3; a few of grade 4” [ Grünthal, 1998, p. 19], with “many ...
The strength of an earthquake may be measured either by the amount of damage done or through calculations using various instrument readings. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is commonly used to determine the amount of destruction caused by an earthquake. It defines 12 levels of earthquake strength.
seismograph, instrument that makes a record of seismic waves caused by an earthquake, explosion, or other Earth -shaking phenomenon. Seismographs are equipped with electromagnetic sensors that translate ground motions into electrical changes, which are processed and recorded by the instruments’ analog or digital circuits.
With the Richter scale, a single sharp jolt measures higher than a very long intense earthquake that releases more energy. The moment magnitude scale more accurately reflects the energy released and the damage caused. Most seismologists now use the moment magnitude scale. The way scientists measure earthquake intensity and the two most common ...
Whereas the magnitude of an earthquake is one value that describes the size, there are many intensity values for each earthquake that are distributed across the geographic area around the earthquake epicenter. The intensity is the measure of shaking at each location, and this varies from place to place, depending mostly on the distance from the ...
Felt earthquake reports are quantified using the New Zealand Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity scale. The MM scale grades the impact of an earthquake on people living on the earth's surface, and so can be more useful as an indicator of the earthquake's significance to the community. This is the full description of New Zealand's scale - see also ...
