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v. t. e. Economic growth can be defined as the increase or improvement in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy in a financial year. [1] Statisticians conventionally measure such growth as the percent rate of increase in the real and nominal gross domestic product (GDP).
Macroeconomic policy instruments. Macroeconomic policy instruments are macroeconomic quantities that can be directly controlled by an economic policy maker. [1] [2] Instruments can be divided into two subsets: a) monetary policy instruments and b) fiscal policy instruments. Monetary policy is conducted by the central bank of a country (such as ...
Marxian economics. Marxism and Keynesianism is a method of understanding and comparing the works of influential economists John Maynard Keynes and Karl Marx. Both men's works has fostered respective schools of economic thought ( Marxian economics and Keynesian economics) that have had significant influence in various academic circles as well as ...
Jun 5, 2021 · Main factors influencing investment by firms. 1. Interest rates. Investment is financed either out of current savings or by borrowing. Therefore investment is strongly influenced by interest rates. High interest rates make it more expensive to borrow. High interest rates also give a better rate of return from keeping money in the bank.
Return on investment. Return on investment ( ROI) or return on costs ( ROC) is the ratio between net income (over a period) and investment (costs resulting from an investment of some resources at a point in time). A high ROI means the investment's gains compare favourably to its cost. As a performance measure, ROI is used to evaluate the ...
Government bond. A government bond or sovereign bond is a form of bond issued by a government to support public spending. It generally includes a commitment to pay periodic interest, called coupon payments, and to repay the face value on the maturity date. For example, a bondholder invests $20,000, called face value or principal, into a 10-year ...
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