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  1. 1 day ago · On Duke Otto II's death in 1253, his sons divided the Wittelsbach possessions between them: Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria, and Louis II Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine. When Henry's branch died out in 1340 the Emperor Louis IV , a son of Duke Louis II, reunited the duchy.

  2. May 13, 2024 · John Charles, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen (1654–1704) Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1671–1717) Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg (1689–1701) John William, Elector (1690–1716) Charles IV, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (1697–1718) Gustavus, Count Palatine of Kleeburg (1701–1718)

  3. 2 days ago · French Wars of Religion. The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598. Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. [1]

  4. May 23, 2024 · Maximilian Joseph, the second son of Prince Frederick Michael of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, served in the French regiment of Alsace from 1777 to the outbreak of the French Revolution, developing the affinity for France that he was to retain for the rest of his life.

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  5. May 15, 2024 · Charles X Gustav, also Carl Gustav ( Swedish: Karl X Gustav; 8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. He was the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg and Catherine of Sweden. After his father's death he also succeeded him as Pfalzgraf. He was married to Hedwig Eleonora of ...

  6. 2 days ago · Although he never directly opposed the Spanish king, William soon became one of the most prominent members of the opposition in the Council of State, together with Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn, and Lamoral, Count of Egmont.

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  8. Jun 1, 2024 · Image of King Carl XI on a wall of Stockholm Palace. Statue of Charles XI in Karlskrona. Charles XI has sometimes been described in Sweden as the greatest of all the Swedish kings, except for Gustavus II Adolphus, unduly eclipsed by his father and his son. [3]

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