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Why is there no date known?
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3 days ago · When birth and death dates are unknown, but the person is known to have been active ("flourishing") during certain years, fl., [[Floruit|fl.]], or {} may be used: Jacobus Flori ( fl. 1571–1588) ...
2 days ago · Date unknown. You should always try to find a date for your sources. Most reliable sources of information will have a date – either a date for when the source was published, or a date for when it was last updated. For books: If you genuinely cannot find a date, and you must cite this work, use " date unknown " in place of the year.
May 22, 2024 · APA 7th requires complete dates where possible, for works that are frequently published or likely to be updated, but if you cannot find a complete date, give as much information as you can find. The date format is YYYY, Month DD or YYYY, Season .
- Sharon Bryan
- 2019
6 days ago · The table below provides helpful guidance when creating a reference when information for one of the four elements (Author, Date, Title, Source) is missing. This table is adapted from Table 9.1 How to Create a Reference When Information is Missing (APA, 2020, p. 284).
- Suzanne Schriefer
- 2017
May 20, 2024 · Dates. The date nearly always comes after the author (s) name with only the year listed, and in parentheses, as the above examples show. No date known for various reasons. In most cases the date is simply the published year, as in the examples above. "ca." means approximate date, for if an exact date is undetermined. Stewart, A. (ca. 1917).
- Anita Kay
- 2019
May 29, 2024 · When There's... If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details.
May 21, 2024 · When the webpage you are citing does not indicate a date, use "n.d." instead of the year in both the in-text citations and reference entries.
