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   What are the biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1?

   • Vibrio cholerae O1 has two biotypes, Classical and El Tor. Each biotype has distinct serotypes: Inaba, Ogawa, and rarely Hikojima. The symptoms of infection are indistinguishable. A higher proportion of people infected with the El Tor biotype remain asymptomatic or have only a mild illness.

   Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Cholera | Cholera | CDC

   www.cdc.gov/cholera/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html

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   Is vibrio cholera a toxin?

   • Serogroups O1 and O139, types of Vibrio cholerae bacteria, can produce a toxin that causes the disease known as cholera. Only toxigenic strains of serogroups O1 and O139 cause widespread epidemics and are reportable to the World Health Organization (WHO) as cholera. Vibrio cholerae O1 has two biotypes, Classical and El Tor.

   Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Cholera | Cholera | CDC

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   What are the symptoms of Vibrio cholerae O1 infection?

   • The symptoms of infection are indistinguishable. A higher proportion of people infected with the El Tor biotype remain asymptomatic or have only a mild illness. Infections with the Classical biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 have become rare and limited to parts of Bangladesh and India.

   Clinical Testing and Diagnosis for Cholera | Cholera | CDC

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2. www.cdc.gov › vibrio › phpCholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance: Annual Summary ...

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   May 20, 2024 · In 2019, 2,719 Vibrio infections were reported to COVIS. 2,708 were cases of vibriosis. Vibriosis is defined as infection with pathogenic species of the family Vibrionaceae other than toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 (which are generally associated with epidemic or pandemic cholera). 1,585 were culture-confirmed cases.

3. www.cdc.gov › vibrio › phpCholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance System

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   May 14, 2024 · The Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance (COVIS) system is used for reporting U.S. cases of Vibrio infection (cholera and vibriosis). Information in COVIS helps CDC track infections and determine patient, food, and environmental risk factors.

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5. www.cdc.gov › cholera › hcpClinical Testing and Diagnosis for Cholera | Cholera | CDC

   www.cdc.gov › cholera › hcp

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   May 14, 2024 · About Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139. Serogroups O1 and O139, types of Vibrio cholerae bacteria, can produce a toxin that causes the disease known as cholera. Only toxigenic strains of serogroups O1 and O139 cause widespread epidemics and are reportable to the World Health Organization (WHO) as cholera.

6. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › CholeraCholera - Wikipedia

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   1 day ago · Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. [2]

7. www.tandfonline.com › doi › fullFull article: Genome-wide expanding of genetic evolution and ...

   www.tandfonline.com › doi › full

   May 26, 2024 · In terms of pathogenicity, the potential virulence factors were mainly associated with toxin, adherence, motility, chemotaxis, and the type III secretion system (T3SS). We also found five types of antibacterial drug resistance genes.

8. cns.utexas.edu › news › researchPersistent Strain of Cholera Defends Itself Against Forces of ...

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   May 13, 2024 · A longstanding mystery about the strain of Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) responsible for the seventh global cholera pandemic is how this lineage has managed to out-compete other pathogenic variants. The UT team identified a unique quirk of the immune system that protects the bacteria from a key driver of bacterial evolution.

9. www.thelancet.com › journals › lanmicNew measures to tackle the global cholera surge - The Lancet ...

   www.thelancet.com › journals › lanmic

   May 28, 2024 · The surge in cholera has been driven by multiple factors—including humanitarian crises, armed conflicts, and extreme weather events caused by climate change—resulting in reduced access to clean water and safe sanitation, and a decrease in outbreak detection and limited vaccine supplies.