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Boroqul (Mongolian: Борохул, also known as Boroghul, Boro'ul, and Borokhula; c. 1162 –1217) was one of the foremost generals of Temüjin (later Genghis Khan) during his rise to power.
- c. 1162
- Борохул
- 1217 (aged 54–55)
- Mongol Empire
- Overview
- Life and career
- References
Boroqul (Mongolian language: Борохул, also known as Boroghul, Boro'ul, and Borokhula; c. 1162–1217) was one of the foremost generals of Temüjin (later Genghis Khan) during his rise to power. Raised as a foundling by Temüjin's mother Hoelun, he won great renown by saving the life of Temüjin's son and future heir Ögedei after the Battle of Khalakhalj...
Boroqul first appears in the historical record shortly after Temüjin's marriage to his wife Börte in around 1177 or 1178. The Secret History of the Mongols, a traditional Mongol account of Temüjin's rise to power, notes that Boroqul was originally from the Üüshin lineage of the Jurkin tribe and was raised by Temüjin's mother Hoelun as a foundling after being saved by Jebe, a leading Mongol general. Serving as Temüjin's nökor (personal companion; Template:Plural form nökod), Boroqul prospered under his new liege, soon becoming the highest-ranking nökor after Temüjin's great friend Bo'orchu.
Although he led troops in many actions during his liege's rise to power, the deed which won Boroqul the most acclaim occurred shortly after the Battle of Khalakhaljid Sands in 1203. Having been betrayed by his ally Toghrul, Temüjin suffered a decisive loss on the Khalakhaljid Sands and was forced to withdraw. During the battle, his seventeen year-old son Ögedei had been badly wounded by an arrow in the neck; Boroqul saved Ögedei's life by continuously sucking clotted blood from the wound during the night ride to Temüjin's camp. When they arrived shortly after Bo'orchu, the Secret History notes, "blood [was] trickling from the corners of [Boroqul's] mouth."
As a result of these and other actions, Boroqul was honoured greatly at the kurultai Temüjin called in May 1206. He received a selection of rewards and exemptions, bettered only by those given Bo'orchu and Muqali, which included exemptions from the death penalty, and positions including cupbearer and high steward. Rashid al-Din Hamadani recorded in his Jami' al-tawarikh that Boroqul and Bo'orchu were told that Temüjin, now entitled Genghis Khan, held them in such respect that he would never issue them with specific military orders, unlike other generals such as Muqali, Jebe, and Subutai. The two also shared titular command of the keshig, the Mongol imperial guard, with Muqali and Chilaun. Genghis named these four as his "steeds", and together with his "hounds" (Subutai, Jebe, Jelme, and Khubilai Noyon [fr]) and the fellow foundling Shigi Qutuqu, they formed the khan's "paladins", or inner council. Boroqul would command the 38,000 troops of the Mongol right wing with Bo'orchu, and as the khan's most trusted advisors, they and Muqali played a key role in advocating for Genghis' brother Qasar during his dispute with the shaman Kokochu.
In 1217, Boroqul set out to command an expedition against the northern Tumed tribes, despite having a strong premonition of his impending death if he went. He achieved initial successes against the tribes, who had captured the Mongol general Qutuqa Beki, but was ambushed and killed away from the main force by Tumed scouts. Incensed at the news of his companion's death, Genghis made preparations to personally lead the campaign, but was dissuaded from this course by Muqali and Bo'orchu; he instead sent his eldest son Jochi, accompanied by the general Dorbei Doqshin, who together managed to subjugate the Tumed during a gruelling winter campaign in 1217–18. A hundred Tumeds were sacrificed in vengeance for Boroqul's death.
Sources
•Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-4671-3. https://www.academia.edu/8855875. Retrieved 2 March 2022. •McLynn, Frank (2015). Genghis Khan: His Conquests, His Empire, His Legacy. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-0-306-82395-4. https://archive.org/details/genghiskhanhisco0000mcly. •The Secret History of the Mongols: A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century (Shorter Version; edited by John C. Street). 2015. https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=cedarbooks. Retrieved 22 November 2022. •Ratchnevsky, Paul (1991). Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 978-06-31-16785-3. https://archive.org/details/genghiskhan00paul/.
Boroqul, a trusted companion and mentor from Genghis Khan's childhood, led an expedition against the rebellion, despite having a strong premonition of his impending death if he went. He achieved initial successes against the tribes but, while away from the main expeditionary force, was ambushed and killed by Tumed scouts. [17]
The Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace took place in the winter of AD 1263/1264. The Seljuk Sultan of Rûm Kayqubad II appealed to Berke, khan of the Golden Horde, to attack the Byzantine Empire in order to free his brother Kaykaus II. [1]
Mongol campaigns in Siberia. In the 13th century, the Mongol Empire launched several military expeditions in the region of Siberia as part of its invasions and conquests.
Paul D. Buell. Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University. Bellingham, Washington. The late 12th and early 13th centuries witnessed a power struggle in the steppes and borderlands of Mongolia. waged between new, streamlined tribal units2 and burgeoning.
Aug 18, 2005 · There has long been a need for a scholarly English edition of the great 13th century historical epic, The Secret History of the Mongols, the only surviving Mongol source about the empire. The...
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