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Irdabama (fl. early 5th-century BC), was an Ancient Persian businesswoman during the reign of Darius the Great (r. 522–485 BC). She is the most well known and wealthiest businesswoman attested to in the records of the Achaemenid Empire at Persepolis. [1] According to Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (2013), recently uncovered texts in Persepolis ...
Irdabama (fl. early 5th-century BC), was an Ancient Persian businesswoman during the reign of Darius I (r. 522-485 BC). She is the most well known and wealthiest businesswoman attested to in the records of the Achaemenid Empire at Persepolis. It is not clear exactly who Irdabama was, but she was clearly very rich.
- The Women & Sources
- Cassandane Shahbanu
- Atusa Shahbanu
- Artunis
- Irdabama
- Artemisia I of Caria
- Youtab Aryobarzan
- Musa
- Sura
- Azadokht Shahbanu
There are, in fact, so many impressive ancient Persian women that a list of the twelve greatest is difficult to compile. The following represent the best aspects of the many who are not included. These are: 1. Cassandane Shahbanu 2. Atusa Shahbanu (also given as Atossa) 3. Artunis 4. Irdabama 5. Artemisia I of Caria 6. Youtab Aryobarzan 7. Musa (al...
Cassandane was the wife of Cyrus the Great (r. c. 550-530 BCE), founder of the Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE). Shahbanu was a title meaning “King's Lady” and was held by a monarch's principal wife (mother of his heir). Details on Cassandane's life are vague and she is best known as the mother of the second Achaemenid king Cambyses II (r. 530-52...
The daughter of Cyrus the Great, wife of Cambyses II, Bardia (also known as Smerdis, r. 522 BCE), and Darius I (the Great, r. 522-486 BCE). Atusa is better known as Atossa, the name she appears under in Herodotus, and was considered a great prize as a wife since she was the daughter of Cyrus and Cassandane. Herodotus (in Book III.133) relates the s...
A Lieutenant Commander of the army under Cyrus the Great. Artunis is said to have been the daughter of one of Cyrus' generals, Artebaz, but may have also (or only) served during the reign of Darius I. Nothing is known of her life or service record outside of her name, but she has come to be representative of the many women now understood to have se...
The best-known and wealthiest businesswoman attested to in the records of the Achaemenid Empire at Persepolis. Irdabama dealt primarily in wine and grain and oversaw business holdings, production centers, and estates in Iran, Syria, Egypt, Media, and Babylonia. She commanded a workforce of 480 laborers and personally oversaw production, sales, and ...
The best-known woman warrior of the Achaemenid period, an admiral in Xerxes I's navy, Artemisia I is famous for her valor at the Battle of Salamis toward the end of Xerxes I's invasion of Greece in 480 BCE. According to Herodotus, Artemisia I was the only member of Xerxes I's war council to advise against engaging the Greeks in a sea battle at Sala...
Youtab was the sister of the hero Ariobarzanes (l. 386-330 BCE) and fell with him defending the Persian Gates against the invading force of Alexander the Great. After the fall of Susa, Alexander marched toward Persepolis. The Persian king Darius III (r. 336-330 BCE) was trying to gather a new army at Ecbatana to oppose Alexander but needed more tim...
Musa (also given as Thermusa) was a Parthian Queen and co-ruler with her son Phraates V (r. 2 BCE-2 CE). She came to the court of the Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) when she was presented as a concubine by the Roman emperor Augustus(r. 27 BCE-14 CE) to Phraates IV (r. 37-2 BCE) as part of the Armenian treaty of 20 BCE. Musa used her charms and va...
A Parthian Princess and military leader, daughter of the last Parthian monarch, Artabanus V (r. 213-224 CE). Sura is thought to have served in the army and possibly been an advisor to her father throughout his reign. This is unclear, however, as there is no record of her earlier service and she only enters history after Ardashir I(r. 224-240 CE), f...
The principal wife of Sassanian monarch Shapur I, Azadokht is thought to have inspired and encouraged the founding of the famous intellectual and medical center of Gundeshapur, a teaching hospital, library, and the greatest institution of higher learning of its time. The founding of Gundeshapur has long been established as occurring under Shapur I'...
- Joshua J. Mark
Jan 30, 2020 · A notable businesswoman and merchant, Irdabama, who lived during the reign of Darius I, traveled extensively on business and personally oversaw production and trade in the region of modern-day Shiraz, Iran, in Babylonia, Egypt, Media, and Syria. She was one of the wealthiest individuals of her time, commanding a workforce of 480 laborers, and ...
- Joshua J. Mark
Irdabama was just one of the many successful and powerful business women in the ancient Persian World. The name “Irdabama” is a Hellenized form of an unidentified Old Persian name. Amestris Shahbanu was the beautiful daughter of Otanes. She was also an Achaemenid military Commander and her mother was a Arteshbod General of the Imperial Army.
Irdabama was a highly successful Persian businesswoman who lived during the reign of Emperor Xerxes the Great (518–465 B.C.E.). She was a major formidable landowner and controlled a huge workforce. She was a major formidable landowner and controlled a huge workforce.
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Who was irdabama?
Did irdabama have a seal?
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How many workers did irdabama have?
With her own seal (PFS 51) Irdabama authorized the transactions of foodstuffs, while officials, such as Uštana and Rašda, using seal PFS 36 and 78 respectively, carried out her orders (Brosius, 1996, pp. 135-44). Estates are attested as belonging to Irtašduna, identified as Artystone, wife of Darius I.
