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The Ayyubid dynasty (Arabic: الأيوبيون al-Ayyūbīyūn; Kurdish: ئەیووبییەکان Eyûbiyan), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.
The Ayyubid dynasty came to power under the leadership of the Kurdish Zangid general Salah al-Din (r. 1169–93), known in Europe as Saladin. After repulsing a Crusader army that had reached the gates of Fatimid Cairo and occupying Egypt on behalf of the Zangids (1160s), Salah al-Din declared the Fatimid caliphate to be at its end, and established the Ayyubid sultanate (1171).
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Saladin was born in 1138 into a Kurdish family in Tikrit and was sent to Damascus to finish his education. His father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub, was governor of Baalbek. For ten years Saladin lived in Damascus and studied SunniTheology, at the court of the Syrian ruler Nur ad-Din (Nureddin). He received an initial military education under the command of h...
On two occasions, in 1171 and 1173, Saladin retreated from an invasion of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. These had been launched by Nur ad-Din, technically Saladin's commander. Saladin apparently hoped that the Crusader kingdom would remain intact as a buffer state between Egypt and Syria, until he could gain control of Syria as well. Nur ad-Din and Sal...
Saladin is buried in a mausoleum in the garden outside the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria, and is a popular attraction. Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany donated a new marble sarcophagusto the mausoleum. Saladin was, however, not placed in it. Instead the mausoleum now has two sarcophagi: one empty in marble and one in wood containing the body of Sa...
Despite his fierce struggle to the Christian incursion, Saladin achieved a great reputation in Europe as a chivalrous knight, so much so that there existed by the fourteenth century an epic poem about his exploits, and Dante included him among the virtuous pagan souls in Limbo. The noble Saladin appears in a sympathetic light in Sir Walter Scott's ...
ad-Din, Baha (ed.), and D. S. Richards. The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin. Ashgate, 2002. ISBN 978-0754633815Bowman, Alan K. Egypt After the Pharaohs: 332 B.C.E.-AD 642: From Alexander to the Arab Conquest. University of California Press; New Ed edition, 1996.Gibb, H. A. R. The Life of Saladin: From the Works of Imad ad-Din and Baha ad-Din. Clarendon Press, 1973. ISBN 978-0863569289Gillingham, John. Richard I, Yale English Monarchs. Yale University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0300079128All links retrieved December 22, 2022. 1. Richard and Saladin: Warriors of the Third Crusade www.shadowedrealm.com
Ayyubid dynasty. The Ayyubid dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin, founded by Saladin and centered in Egypt. The dynasty ruled much of the Middle East during the 12th and 13th centuries CE. The Ayyubid family, under the brothers Ayyub and Shirkuh, originally served as soldiers for the Zengids until they supplanted them under Saladin ...
Feb 20, 2024 · Portrait of Saladin (1560) by Cristofano Dell Altissimo. Saladin was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of their Ayyubid dynasty. (Photo 12/Getty) Saladin’s formal career began when he joined the staff of his uncle, Shirkuh, accompanying him on an expedition to Egypt, which would lay the foundations of his future success.
Ayyubid Empire in its Greatest Extent. The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish [1] origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, Yemen (except for the Northern Mountains), Diyar Bakr, Mecca, Hejaz and northern Iraq in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The Ayyubids are also known as Ayoubites, Ayyoubites, Ayoubides, or Ayyoubides.
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Egypt - Ayyubid Dynasty, Cairo, Nile: Under Saladin and his descendants, Egypt was reintegrated into the Sunni world of the eastern caliphate. Indeed, during the period of the Crusades, Egypt became champion of that world against the Crusaders and, as such, chief target of the Crusader armies. But this was a gradual process that required Saladin first to build an army strong enough to ...
