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Things that are accepted as true
- Assumptions are things that are accepted as true; any scholar reading our paper will assume that certain aspects of our study are true, like population, statistical test, research design, or other delimitations.
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An assumption is a belief, thing, or statement that is taken as true by the researcher. It is not tested in research because these statements are the cornerstone of whole research. These are universally accepted and sufficiently well demonstrated that the researcher can build on them.
Nov 28, 2019 · Assumptions, underlying or explicit, not only are pertinent to program theory but also have been a vital part of the evolution of knowledge. For example, Harste, Woodward, and Burke () have argued that fact seeking, the goal of science, proceeds on countless assumptions that must always be verified.
- Apollo M. Nkwake
- 2013
- Cognitive Elements
- Cognitive Operators
- Reality Tests
- Cognitive Map of The Domain of Inquiry
- Degree of Articulation
- Metaphors
A cognitive element is an orientation toward a belief in the actual or potential existence of things (e.g., events or relationships), whether experiential or supernatural (Ingwersen, 1996; Shrivastava & Mitroff, 1984; Warner, 1978). A belief about the existence or nonexistence of supernatural powers is a cognitive element (Warner, 1978). A person w...
Cognitive operators are the methods people use to process information and generate meaning out of large amounts of data (John & Kieras, 1996). Cognitive operators include classification schemes, models, analytical devices, and commonsense theories with which individuals approach inquiry (Shrivastava & Mitroff, 1984).
Reality tests are a key component of a paradigm. They enable testing or validation of cognitive elements, cognitive operators, and knowledge or information itself (Lynn, Weekes, & Milano, 1989). Thus, people continuously corroborate the information they acquire from their environment with their experiences. Their grounding in reality is evaluated i...
This element of a paradigm refers to a researcher’s assumptions about the scope of inquiry and the nature of its boundaries. The scope of a study could be based on a discipline, subject matter, or research paradigm (Crossan, Lane, White, & Djurfeldt, 1995).
This refers to the extent to which the assumption(s) embodied in the other four elements have been articulated and codified. It also reflects the degree to which an individual’s paradigm or frame of reference can be shared by others. Making something explicit does not necessarily mean that the understanding is shared (Crossan, Lane, & White, 1999).
People can use metaphors to exchange information on their paradigms or assumptions (Crossan et al., 1999) and to help explain their intuition to themselves and share it with others (Tsoukas, 1991).
- Apollo M. Nkwake
- 2013
Apr 4, 2017 · Through CCS, we can better understand connections between research designs, constructs we use, and their potential effects, with the aim to reveal how research synthesis might not yield best ethics—optimistic accounts of people that reframe their “problems” and open up possibilities for their lives.
- Jennifer R. Wolgemuth, Tyler Hicks, Vonzell Agosto
- 2017
Because of the distinct philosophical assumptions of objectivity and subjectivity, it will inform how you define the concepts in your research question, how you measure them, and how you gather and interpret your raw data.
Sep 26, 2022 · A research hypothesis is an assumption or a tentative explanation for a specific process observed during research. Unlike a guess, research hypothesis is a calculated, educated guess proven or disproven through research methods.
Assumptions are beliefs or ideas that are believed to be true without proof or evidence and are used to support reasoning. This lack of verification can create bias when thinking critically. Like any human activity, the practice of critical thinking requires several basic assumptions to make sense.
