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Under certain circumstances, sister chromatids can separate in the absence of microtubules, ruling out a requirement for forces from the spindle in the process. Three factors regulate sister chromatid separation: a protein complex known as cohesin, a protease known as separase, and an inhibitor of separase known as securin ( Fig. 44.16 ).
Sister Chromatid. Sister chromatids segregate and move toward their respective poles (anaphase A). From: Hematology (Seventh Edition), 2018
The centromere links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm (p) and a long arm (q) on the chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore.
Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for orientation of bivalents (paired homologous chromosomes) on the metaphase I spindle. During anaphase of meiosis I, cohesion is destroyed between sister chromatid arms, and chiasmata are released to allow segregation of homologs.
Feb 13, 2021 · The amount of chromosomal DNA is doubled when DNA is replicated during S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in the formation of pairs of identical DNA molecules called sister chromatids. This results in numerous interactions along and between chromosomal DNA molecules ( Figure 1 ).
Cohesin forms rings that hold the sister chromatids together, whereas condensin forms rings that coil the chromosomes into highly compact forms. The mitotic spindle also begins to develop during...
Jul 13, 2023 · The two identical chromosomes, called sister chromatids, bind to each other at a common structure called the centromere. A replicated chromosome (sister chromatids) bound to each other at the centromere, is shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\).
