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How did Robert Millikan contribute to atomic theory?
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How did Robert Millikan prove that electrons have a fixed charge?
What did Robert Millikan discover?
Nov 21, 2023 · Learn what Robert Millikan discovered and the contributions of Robert Millikan to atomic theory. Explore the oil drop experiment and its insights on the electron. Updated: 11/21/2023.
- How did Robert Millikan change the atomic model?Prior to Robert Millikan's famous oil drop experiment, in which he measured the charge on a single electron, it was not known if electrons even had...
- What 3 things did Millikan discover?Robert Millikan made many contributions to our understanding of physics. He is famous for measuring the value of the elementary charge in the oil d...
- What was Robert Millikan's discovery?Robert Millikan is most well known for discovering value of the elementary charge, which is the charge on a single electron. He measured the elemen...
Millikan, in spite of the fact that Pupin—to Robert's horror—took no stock in the atomic theory of matter. Following the receipt of his doctor's degree in 1895 Millikan de-cided on Pupin's insistence—"and since a satisfactory job did not appear"—to study in Germany. It was a fortunate time to be study-
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Philosophical atomism
The idea that matter is made up of discrete units is a very old idea, appearing in many ancient cultures such as Greece and India. The word "atom" (Greek: ἄτομος; atomos), meaning "uncuttable", was coined by the Pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Leucippus and his pupil Democritus (c.460–c.370 BC). Democritus taught that atoms were infinite in number, uncreated, and eternal, and that the qualities of an object result from the kind of atoms that compose it. Democritus's atomism was refined and el...
John Dalton
Near the end of the 18th century, two laws about chemical reactions emerged without referring to the notion of an atomic theory. The first was the law of conservation of mass, closely associated with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, which states that the total mass in a chemical reaction remains constant (that is, the reactants have the same mass as the products). The second was the law of definite proportions. First established by the French chemist Joseph Proustin 1797 this law states that if...
Avogadro
The flaw in Dalton's theory was corrected in principle in 1811 by Amedeo Avogadro. Avogadro had proposed that equal volumes of any two gases, at equal temperature and pressure, contain equal numbers of molecules (in other words, the mass of a gas's particles does not affect the volume that it occupies). Avogadro's lawallowed him to deduce the diatomic nature of numerous gases by studying the volumes at which they reacted. For instance: since two liters of hydrogen will react with just one lit...
Andrew G. van Melsen (1960) [First published 1952]. From Atomos to Atom: The History of the Concept Atom. Translated by Henry J. Koren. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-49584-1.J. P. Millington (1906). John Dalton. J. M. Dent & Co. (London); E. P. Dutton & Co. (New York).Jaume Navarro (2012). A History of the Electron: J. J. and G. P. Thomson. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-00522-8.Alan J. Rocke (1984) Chemical Atomism in the Nineteenth Century: From Dalton to Cannizzaro, Ohio State University Press, Columbus (open access full text at http://digital.case.edu/islandora/object/...Along with his work on the photoelectric effect, the feat garnered him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1923. Interestingly, Millikan’s research achievements promoted the general acceptance of both Niels Bohr's quantum theory of the atom and Albert Einstein’s photoelectric equation, an important step precipitating their recognition by the ...
The American scientist Robert Millikan (1868–1953) carried out a series of experiments using electrically charged oil droplets, which allowed him to calculate the charge on a single electron. Millikan created microscopic oil droplets, which could be electrically charged by friction as they formed or by using X-rays.
Nobel Prizes 2023. Eleven laureates were awarded a Nobel Prize in 2023, for achievements that have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind. Their work and discoveries range from effective mRNA vaccines and attosecond physics to fighting against the oppression of women. See them all presented here.
Millikan is best known to physicists for measuring the charge of the electron with his oil-drop experiment; in the span of a remarkably productive career he also made significant contributions to the study of the photoelectric effect, hot-spark spectra and, above all, cosmic rays.
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