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The Execution of Emperor Maximilian is a series of paintings by Édouard Manet from 1867 to 1869, depicting the execution by firing squad of Emperor Maximilian I of the short-lived Second Mexican Empire.
French troops invaded Mexico in June 1863, and an assembly of Mexican notables proclaimed Maxirnilian - the brother of Franz Joseph of Austria - Emperor. But, once the Civil War was over, the United States demanded that the French withdraw their army, and Napoleon, in 1866, complied.
Edouard Manet ' The Execution of Maximilian ' about 1867-8. In Manet's painting, an execution squad composed of six Mexican soldiers is depicted in the act of shooting the first victim, General Mejía, originally shown standing to the right of Maximilian, but now lost.
Maximilian was captured in May 1867 by nationalist and Republican forces led by the deposed former president Benito Juárez. Court-martialled and sentenced to death, Maximilian and his two faithful generals, Miguel Miramón and Tomás Mejía, were executed at Querétaro in central Mexico.
Maximilian I (German: Ferdinand Maximilian Josef Maria von Habsburg-Lothringen, Spanish: Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena; 6 July 1832 – 19 June 1867) was an Austrian archduke who became emperor of the Second Mexican Empire from 10 April 1864 until his execution by the Mexican Republic on 19 June 1867.
In 1861, allied troops from France, Spain, and Britain invaded Mexico to recoup debts owed to them by the Mexican government. French occupation of the country followed, and in 1863, Napoleon III of France offered to make Austrian Archduke Maximilian emperor of the territory.
The Execution of Maximilian. Edouard Manet French. 1868, published in 1884. Not on view. Napoléon III installed the Hapsburg emperor Maximilian to power in Mexico in 1864, an endeavor that quickly failed, ending with the execution of Maximilian by firing squad.
