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Jan 1, 2016 · First described by Michael Porter in his classic 1979 Harvard Business Review article, Porter’s insights started a revolution in the strategy field, and continue to shape business practice and academic thinking. A Five Forces analysis can help companies assess which industries to compete in—and how to position themselves for success.
- Strategic Positioning
Achieving Superior Performance Within an Industry It’s...
- About Michael Porter
Michael Porter is the founder of the modern strategy field...
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The Value Chain. Developed by Michael Porter and used...
- Strategy Explained
All strategy is based on understanding competition. Michael...
- Strategic Positioning
- What Are Porter's Five Forces?
- Understanding Porter's Five Forces
- Porter's Five Forces
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Michael Porter's five-force strategic analysis model, introduced in a 1979 article published in the Harvard Business Review, remains a fundamental tool for strategic analysts plotting the competitive landscape of an industry. In a bid to mirror the complexity real strategists would face while keeping their strategic analysis manageable, Porter set ...
Strategic analysis at the time of Porter's article tended not only to love acronyms (SWOT, PEST, PESTEL, BCG Matrix, ETPS, etc.) but also models focused on the internal dynamics of individual companies. While it would be unfair to suggest they ignored the competitive environment companies face, they were typically vague while doing so; e.g., the "o...
1. Competitive Rivals
Porter's first force is what we usually mean when discussing business competition. We think of Pepsi and Coca-Cola for soft drinks, Apple and Samsung for smartphones, Nike and Adidas for sneakers, and Ford and General Motors for autos. Indeed, some of these rivalries are so influential that consumers split almost culturally among those who have an iPhone, drive a Ford, or prefer Netflix to Hulu. Thus, it's no accident that we also consider business competition chiefly a war among rivals. Such...
2. Potential for New Entrants in an Industry
Industries where new firms can enter more easily almost always have lower profit margins, and the firms involved each have less market share. The sector for local restaurants has relatively low entry requirements: there aren't significant investments or regulatory hurdles to surmount before opening to the public. Thus, it's also the case that your favorite restaurant may not stay open for long, given the hypercompetitive environment and constant entrance of new restaurants opening. Here are f...
3. Supplier Power
Suppliers are powerful when they are the only source of something important that a firm needs, can differentiate their product, or have strong brands. When the power of suppliers in an industry is high, this raises costs or otherwise limits the resources a firm needs. Here are some factors used to measure the supplier power of an industry: 1. The number of suppliers: When few firms can give a company something it needs to stay in business, each has greater negotiating power. They can raise pr...
When published, Michael Porter's framework marked a departure from the then-dominant models of business strategy, steeped in classic competition theory. Those models, still echoed in Economics 101 textbooks, rested on several key, if questionable, assumptions: markets as arenas for many small firms with no significant market power, homogeneous prod...
Since his 1979 Harvard Business Review article, Porter has published many books on strategic analysis, including works where he has expanded on his five-force model. He's also become very concise in providing the specific steps in performing an industry analysis: 1. Define the industry: The process begins with a clear description of the industry, h...
Porter’s model helped reframe the understanding of competition. It wasn’t confined to direct rivals but extended to suppliers and customers—traditionally viewed in a transactional light. Suppliers, especially those with unique resources or enjoying a monopoly, could dictate terms, lower profits, or, in extreme cases, forward-integrate into the buye...
Porter's five-forces model sets out essential criteria for considering a company's competitive landscape: the power of suppliers and buyers, the threat of new entrants and substitutes, and competitive rivalry. While the economic terrain has evolved significantly since the 1970s and Porter has updated his work ever since, the principles underlying P...
Learn how to use Porter's five forces to evaluate the competitive landscape of an industry. The model considers five factors: rivalry, entry, supplier power, buyer power, and substitutes.
- Peter Gratton
- 2 min
Learn how to analyze the five forces that determine the profitability of any industry and how to influence them to create a more favorable position for your company. This article by Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter is a classic and comprehensive guide to competitive strategy.
May 24, 2017 · Strategy: Creating and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Professor Michael E. Porter Harvard Business School. Mumbai, May 24th, 2017.
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The Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness is a nonprofit research, education, and policy organization founded by Michael Porter and based at Harvard Business School in Boston, Massachusetts. Our mission is to advance scholarship; develop practical, research-based frameworks; and educate and advise leaders and policymakers.
May 7, 2008 · May 07, 2008. Michael E. Porter is a Harvard University professor and author of On Competition. Porter’s five competitive forces are the basis for much of modern business strategy....
