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What are the signs and symptoms of sarcoidosis?
Is there a cure for sarcoidosis?
What is the cause of sarcoidosis?
For some people, sarcoidosis begins with a tender-feeling rash called erythema nodosum. The rash usually develops on the shins, but it can appear elsewhere. Seeing this rash isn’t a sure sign that you have sarcoidosis. Other diseases can cause this rash.
- What Is Sarcoidosis?
- Who Is at Risk of Sarcoidosis?
- What Causes Sarcoidosis?
- What Are The Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoidosis?
- Symptoms and Signs of Specific Organ Involvement
- How Is Sarcoidosis Diagnosed?
- What Is The Differential Diagnosis?
- What Is The Treatment For Sarcoidosis?
- What Is The Treatment of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis?
- How Serious Is Sarcoidosis and What Is The Prognosis?
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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterised by granulomas in various organs. Characteristically, these are non-caseating epithelioid granulomas (a pathological description distinguishing sarcoidal granulomas from the caseating or cheese-like granulomas seen in tuberculosis). Sarcoidosis can affect a variety of organs with varying frequencies...
Sarcoidosis occurs worldwide, affecting persons of all races, ages, and sex. 1. African Americans and Scandinavians have a higher incidenceof the disease. 2. Sarcoidosis mainly affects people between 30-50 years of age. 3. It is more prevalentin women, non-smokers, and rural communities. 4. Its incidence is estimated to be between 2.3 and 11 per 10...
No single cause has been identified. Many researchers have hypothesized the role of genetics, environmental factors, and autoimmunity in the developmentof sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis can affect any organ therefore patients may present with a wide variety of symptoms. Sarcoidosis may not result in any symptoms and the disease may come and go without the patient or doctor ever being aware of it. Symptoms can appear suddenly and then just as quickly resolve spontaneously. Sometimes, however, they can continue over a li...
Lungs
1. Respiratory symptoms are found on presentation in 30-53%. 2. These include coughing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Almost half of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis may be asymptomatic. 3. In some patients, upper respiratory tract involvement produces hoarseness, nasal obstruction, and recurrent or persistent sinusitis. 4. Bilateral perihilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary nodules may be seen on chest x-ray and CT thorax. Pulmonary fibroticchanges may also be seen.
Skin (cutaneous sarcoidosis) and mucosae
1. Skin involvement is present in up to one-third of patients. 2. About 30% of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis have no involvement of other organs. 3. Lesions may be non-specific or specific based on the presence or absence of noncaseating granulomaon histopathologic examination. Non-specific lesions include: 1. Erythema nodosum: the most common non-specific lesion 1.1. This presents with tender erythematous nodules mostly on the shins; often accompanied by arthritis in the ankles, elbows...
Eye
Any part of the eye can be involved: 1. Uveitis: the most common form of ocular involvement, may affect 20–30% of patients with sarcoidosis, results in blurred vision, watery eyes, and photophobia 2. Scleritis/episcleritis 3. Iris nodules 4. Retinochoroiditis 5. Conjunctivitis 6. Lacrimal gland involvement — can cause siccasyndrome 7. Optic nerve involvement leading to optic neuropathy, prognosisis not favourable and permanent impaired visual acuity occurs in about one-third of the patients 8...
The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on three major criteria: 1. Consistent and adequate clinical presentation 2. Demonstration of the presence of non-caseating granulomas in one or more tissue samples 3. The exclusion of other causes of granulomatous disorders. There is no established “gold standard” investigation, however the following may be pe...
The differential diagnosis includes: 1. Lymphoproliferative disorders such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma 2. Infectious diseases including leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, and tuberculosis 3. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, granulomatosis with eosinophilia and polyangiitis(Churg-Strauss syndrome).
For most patients with sarcoidosis, no treatment is required. Symptoms are not usually disabling and tend to disappear spontaneously. Surveillance for 3–12 months is typically advised to determine the overall course of the disease. Treatment is indicated only when symptoms are disabling and/or the granulomatous inflammationis causing life-threateni...
Erythema nodosum, the common nonspecific cutaneous lesion, is usually self-limiting. Short-course nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or glucocorticoidsmay be prescribed to treat pain and discomfort. Sarcoidosis-specific cutaneous lesions can improve spontaneously. Cutaneous lesions are treated only if they cause significant cosmetic disf...
Two-thirds of patients report a self-remitting disease within 12 to 36 months. The remainder of patients may follow a chronic course (10 to 30% require prolonged treatment). With correct diagnosis and proper management, most patients with sarcoidosis continue to lead a normal life. Cutaneous sarcoidosis usually has a more prolonged course. Papules ...
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease that can affect the skin and cause various rashes. Learn about the types, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous sarcoidosis and see images of skin lesions.
Jan 30, 2019 · Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammatory cells to grow in various organs, including the skin. Skin symptoms may include red or purple bumps, sores, discoloration or nodules. Learn more about sarcoidosis causes, risk factors and complications.
Sarcoidosis is a condition that causes lumps or nodules (granulomas) to form in your lungs, lymph nodes, skin, eyes and other parts of your body. Learn about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis, and how it can affect your skin and eyes.
Dec 4, 2023 · Learn about the types, causes, and diagnosis of skin lesions associated with sarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease that affects various organs. Find out how cutaneous sarcoidosis can help confirm the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and what other skin disorders are linked to it.
Jan 30, 2019 · Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation and granulomas in various organs, including the skin. Learn about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment options for sarcoidosis, and how to cope with the condition.
