Search results
1261. February 1 – Walter de Stapledon, bishop of Exeter (d. 1326) February 11 – Otto III, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1312) February 28 – Margaret of Scotland, queen of Norway (d. 1283) March 1 – Hugh le Despenser, English chief adviser (d. 1326) July 25 – Arthur II, Breton nobleman (House of Dreux) (d. 1312)
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922).
- 765.5 ha
- Imperial city
- 11 May 330
- Constantine the Great
- Name
- Beginning
- Problems
- Recovery
- Decline
- Legacy
- Sources
- Other Websites
The Byzantine Empire did not get that name until a century after its fall. The empire was known at the time as the following: 1. the "Roman Empire" or the "Empire of the Romans" (Latin: Imperium Romanum, Imperium Romanorum; Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων Basileia tōn Rhōmaiōn, Ἀρχὴ τῶν Ῥωμαίων Archē tōn Rhōmaiōn), 2. "Romania" (Latin: Romania; Greek: ...
In 324, Roman Emperor Constantine I moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium, which he renamed Constantinople. By the 5th century, the Roman Empire had lost its territories in the west, and the Western Roman Empire had been taken over by Germanic peoples during the Migration period. The surviving parts of the R...
Wars in west
The Eastern Roman Empire tried to take back Rome and the rest of Italian Peninsula from the Germanic peoples. Between 530 and 555 AD, the Byzantine Greekswon many battles and took back Rome. The Byzantines controlled Rome for a long time. Eventually, more Germanic peoples came, and Italy was lost again. Later, Avars and Slavs took parts of Southeast Europe from the Byzantines. After the 560s, invaders slowly conquered the Balkans except for parts of modern Greece and Albania. Bulgars from the...
Wars in east
After Rome had been captured by the Germanic peoples, the Eastern Roman Empire continued to control what is now Egypt, Greece, Palestine, Syria and Turkey. However, another empire, known as the Persian or the Sassanid Empire, tried to take the lands for itself. Between 224 and 628, the Greco-Romans and the Persians fought many battles, and many men were killed in the fighting. Eventually, the Persians were defeated in 627 by Emperor Heraclius in what is now Iraq, near the ancient city of Nine...
In 718, the Arabs were defeated but left the Byzantines very weak. In the west, the Byzantines fought the Bulgariansmany times. Some battles were successful, but others were not. Many emperors died fighting. Over time, the Byzantine Empire weakened as it lost land to outside invaders.
Start of decline
After Basil II died, many unskilled emperors came to the throne, wasted the empire's money and reduced its army. This meant that it could not defend itself well against enemies if they attacked. Later, the Byzantines relied on mercenaries, soldiers who fought for money, not for their country. That made them less loyal and reliable and more expensive. The mercenaries allowed military generals to come to power and to grab it from the elaborate bureaucracy, a system of administration in which ta...
Rise of Turks
A large number of people, known as the Turks, rode on horseback from Central Asia and attacked the Byzantine Empire. The Seljuk Empire took most of Anatolia from the Byzantines by 1091. However, they received help from people in Western Europe in what is known as the First Crusade. Many knights and soldiers left to help the Byzantines and to secure Jerusalemfor the Christians. The city wad then controlled by the Muslims.
Survival
The Byzantine Empire survived and, with the help of the European empires, took back half of Anatolia from the Turks, who managed to hold the other half of the region. The Byzantines survived due to three primarily good emperors in a row, that allowed the empire to recover from their recent conflicts.
The Byzantines had many achievements: 1. They protected Europe from eastern invasions. 2. They blocked the Islamic conquest of Christian Europe by the Arabs. 3. They initially blocked the second Islamic tentative to conquer Christian Europe by the Turks (until 1453). 4. They preserved the Greek language and culture. 5. They preserved many Roman pol...
Ahrweiler, Helene (1975). L'Ideologie Politique de l'Empire Byzantine [The Political Ideology of the Byzantine Empire](in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Baynes, Norman Hepburn; Moss, Henry St. Lawrence Beaufort (1948). Byzantium: An Introduction to East Roman Civilization. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Cartwright, Mark (13 April 2018). "Byzantine Government". Ancient History Encyclopedia.Cinnamus, Ioannes (1976). Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus. New York and West Sussex: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04080-6.- Eastern division of the Roman Empire[1]
Establishments – Disestablishments. The 1260s is a decade. It started on 1 January 1260 and ended on 31 December 1269. It is distinct from the decade known as the 127th decade which began on January 1, 1261. and ended on December 31, 1270. Kublai Khan became the supreme leader (a title for their leader) of the Mongol Empire and moved his ...
1260. 1260 ( MCCLX ) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1260th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 260th year of the 2nd millennium, the 60th year of the 13th century, and the 1st year of the 1260s decade. As of the start of 1260, the Gregorian calendar was 7 days ahead of the Julian ...
The Abbasid Caliphate [2] was the third of the four greatest Islamic caliphates of the Arab Empire. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al-Andalus. It was built by the descendant of Muhammad 's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. It was created in Harran in 750 of the Christian era and shifted its capital in AD 762 from Harran ...
