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Alexander Fleming was a Scottish scientist who discovered the first antibiotic drug, penicillin . He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, who had also worked on developing penicillin as a drug. Fleming’s research helped pave the way for all modern antibiotics, which have proved to be effective drugs ...
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In 1944, Fleming was granted the title of “Sir,” officially becoming Sir Alexander Fleming. Tragically, his wife Sarah passed away in 1949. In 1953, Fleming entered into matrimony once more, marrying Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Vourekas, a member of his research group at St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School. On March 11, 1955, at the age of 73 ...
- Tiny Foes and Friends
- An Accident Waiting to Happen…
- How Does Penicillin Work?
- The Resistance Is Rising…
- Conclusion
- Conflict of Interest
Bacteria are very important for us. They live on us and inside us, and we use them to obtain certain nutrients from food, among many other things (Read more in this Young Minds article; We Are Never Alone: Living with the Human Microbiota ). But some bacteria, called pathogens, can also cause infections and some pathogens can be very dangerous. Pat...
On the morning of Monday, September 3, 1928, Fleming was coming back from a family holiday . Before he went on holiday, Fleming was working with a very common pathogen: Staphylococcus aureus. Fleming left some glass Petri dishes on his lab bench, with these bacteria growing on the surface of solid medium. Usually, these plates would be sterilized b...
The way that penicillin works to inhibit bacterial growth was not understood until 1980. Now we know that penicillin inhibits the activity of certain enzymes in bacteria called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential for most bacteria to create a wall that covers their cells. Without that wall, bacterial cells are much more exposed ...
What Fleming also predicted during his speech accepting the Nobel Prize in 1945 was that bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. This is just happening due to evolution, because bacteria can adapt very quickly to overcome any hurdle limiting their growth. The changes that help bacteria to adapt may be driven by random mutations in their DNA, ...
The discovery of penicillin was only possible in a laboratory where contaminations were common. Chance certainly played a role in the discovery of the first antibiotic, but the training and laboratory practice of Fleming were essential for him to identify one of the most important drugs in human history. Unfortunately, due to antibiotic resistance,...
The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
In 1928, at St. Mary's Hospital, London, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. This discovery led to the introduction of antibiotics that greatly reduced the number of deaths from infection. Howard W. Florey, at the University of Oxford working with Ernst B. Chain, Norman G. Heatley and Edward P. Abraham, successfully took penicillin from ...
Sep 27, 2018 · On 28 September 1928 - 90 years ago - a substance was discovered that completely transformed the history of medicine. It was called penicillin and it was the world's very first antibiotic - vital ...
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