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The "Budapest Memorandum" is actually three documents signed individually on 5 December 1994 by the three leaders of the ex-Soviet nations, together with the guarantor nations: United States, United Kingdom and Russia. So the UNTERM portal notes for one: "To distinguish this from the other two Budapest Memorandums of the same date, this one ...
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What is the Budapest Memorandum on SECU-Rity assurances?
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The following is the text of the Memorandum on Secu-rity Assurances, known as the Budapest Memorandum, in connection with Ukraine’s accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, signed Dec. 5, 1994.
Dec 5, 2017 · Ukraine, overall, had much to gain from nuclear non-proliferation, but a period of over twenty years has proved that the Budapest Memorandum did not address Ukraine’s security concerns. Moscow naturally had problems with Ukraine joining a major international regime and world order such as the one espoused by the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Mar 7, 2022 · The Budapest Memorandum consists of a series of political assurances whereby the signatory states commit to “respect the independence and sovereignty and the existing borders of Ukraine”. But the meaning of the security assurances was deliberately left ambiguous.
Dec 19, 2019 · “Ukraine Illuminated: Insiders Parse the 1994 Budapest Memorandum, Then and Now,” Russia Matters / U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, December 19, 2019.
Memorandum on security assurances in connection with Ukraine’s accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Budapest, 5 December 1994