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Mary Whiton Calkins was the 14th President of APA and the first woman to serve in that office. Although she earned her PhD at Harvard under William James, Calkins was refused the degree by the Harvard Corporation (who continues to refuse to grant the degree posthumously) on the grounds that Harvard did not accept women.
In 1903, Calkins was the twelfth in a listing of fifty psychologists with the most merit, chosen by her peers. Calkins was refused a Ph.D. by Harvard University because of her gender. Calkins is a key figure in the history of women psychologists.
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863–1930) is often mentioned in accounts of the history of memory research as the inventor of the method of paired associates as well as for her investigations of primacy, recency, frequency, and vividness in association formation. Her experimental studies over the period from 1892 to 1894 not only introduced the paired associates method but were also pioneering ...
Mary Whiton Calkins. 1863-1930. American psychologist and philosopher who became the first woman president of both the American Psychological Association (1905) and the American Philosophical Association (1918). The eldest of five children born to Reverend Wolcott Calkins, a strong-willed, intellectually gifted evangelical minister, and ...
Calkins studied with William James, Josiah Royce and Hugo Münsterberg at Harvard in the 1890s, and although she completed all the requirements for the Ph.D., she was not granted the degree because she was a woman.
- Laurel Furumoto
- 1980
A pioneer in her field, Mary Whiton Calkins was among the first generation of women to enter psychology. Because of the many obstacles that she overcame throughout her education and career, her accomplishments and breakthroughs undoubtedly gave hope to all women struggling for equality. While graduate education was unheard of for women before ...
Mary Whiton Calkins, philosopher and psychologist, was the first woman to be elected president of the American Philosophical Association. She lived during “the golden age” of American philosophy and studied under two of the classic American philosophers, William James and Josiah Royce. Though she was influenced by both of these teachers ...
