Search results
- Although she earned her PhD at Harvard under William James, Calkins was refused the degree by the Harvard Corporation (who continues to refuse to grant the degree posthumously) on the grounds that Harvard did not accept women.
www.apa.org › about › governance
People also ask
Did Mary Whiton Calkins get a PhD?
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
How did Mary Whiton Calkins influence psychology?
Why does Harvard refuse to grant Calkins a degree posthumously?
Calkins achieved a doctoral degree from Harvard University which she was never awarded based on the gender limitations during this time period. As late as 2015, scholars were still petitioning for the posthumous awarding of Calkins’s doctoral degree with unsuccessful effort.
March 30, 2017. By the time Harvard relented and offered Mary Whiton Calkins a special Ph.D, she turned it down. Wikimedia Commons. Born on the day in 1863, Mary Whiton Calkins—who in...
Despite her record of achievements, Calkins is best known today for something she never received--a doctoral degree from Harvard University. The story has become a legend in academic psychology circles.
Although she earned her PhD at Harvard under William James, Calkins was refused the degree by the Harvard Corporation (who continues to refuse to grant the degree posthumously) on the grounds that Harvard did not accept women.
- Work
- Legacy
- Major Publications
- References
Mary Whiton Calkins started her career as a Greek instructor at Wellesley College, but with an undergraduate background in philosophy. When approached to join the philosophy department teaching the new field of psychologyshe accepted and furthered her studies in both fields. She established a psychology laboratory at Wellesley, the first psychology...
Mary Whiton Calkins is best remembered today for Harvard University's refusal to grant her a Ph.D. because she was a woman. She was offered a doctorate from Radcliffe College, but she turned it down. Efforts were made by a group of Harvard alumni in 1927, and a group of students at Kalamazoo College in Michiganin 2002, to have Harvard award her the...
Calkins, Mary Whiton. 1892. "Experimental Psychology at Wellesley College." American Journal of Psychology. 5, 464-271.Calkins, Mary Whiton. 1894. "Association." Psychological Review. 1, 476-483.Calkins, Mary Whiton. 1896. "Association." Psychological Review. 3, 32-49.Calkins, Mary Whiton. [1901] 2007. An Introduction to Psychology. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0548200912Furumoto, L. 1980. "Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)." Psychology of Women Quarterly. 5, 55-68.Heidbreder, E. 1972. "Mary Whiton Calkins: A discussion." In Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 8, 56-68.Kimble, G.A., M. Wertheimer, and C. White (eds.). 1991. Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. ISBN 0805811362Palmieri, P.A. 1983. "Here was fellowship: A social portrait of academic women at Wellesley College, 1895-1920." History of Education Quarterly. 23, 195-214.Efforts to grant Calkins her doctoral degree did not end with Harvard's refusal to grant her the degree in 1895. In 1902, Calkins and three other women who had also done graduate work at Harvard were offered doctoral degrees from Radcliffe College, the solely undergraduate women's college associated with Harvard.
By 1896, Mary Whiton Calkins had published dozens of scholarly articles on a wide variety of topics, including association, dream research, the conception of the psychic element, the doctrine of relational elements of experience, and a series of papers on the paired-associate technique she had invented.
