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Oct 9, 2013 · Abstract. Plague is an ancient disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted by rodent flea bites that continues to surprise us with first-ever events. This review documents plague in human cases in the 1st decade of the 21st century and updates our knowledge of clinical manifestations, transmission during outbreaks ...
- Case Report
A, Several plaques of necrotic skin with surrounding...
- Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Yersina Pestis Kim D27, an Avirulent Strain Exempt From Select Agent Regulation
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of the plague.Y....
- PMC Free Article
The first plague outbreak (Zobia) took place between...
- Case Report
This review documents plague in human cases in the 1st decade of the 21st century and updates our knowledge of clinical manifestations, transmission during outbreaks, diagnostic testing, antimicrobial treatment, and vaccine development.
- Thomas Butler
- 2013
Apr 8, 2016 · 1. Bubonic plague: This happens after someone is bitten by a flea from an infected rat. There is a sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, weakness and the swelling of lymph nodes (glands) near ...
- John Frean
- Transmission
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
Y. pestistransmission usually occurs through the bite of infected rodent fleas. Less common exposures include handling infected animal tissues (e.g., among hunters and wildlife personnel); inhaling infectious droplets from cats or dogs with plague; and, rarely, contact with a patient who has pneumonic plague.
Plague is endemic to rural areas in central and southern Africa, especially eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northwestern Uganda, and Madagascar; parts of the southwestern United States; the northeastern part of South America; central Asia; and the Indian subcontinent. The overall risk for travelers is low, and encountering Y. pestiswhile ...
The incubation period is typically 1–6 days. Plague illness has 3 possible clinical presentations: bubonic (the most common), pneumonic, or septicemic. Clinical symptoms and signs of bubonic plague include rapid onset of fever and painful, swollen, and tender lymph nodes, usually axillary, cervical, or inguinal. Pharyngeal plague is rare and presen...
Y. pestis can be isolated from bubo aspirates, blood cultures, or sputum culture if pneumonic. State public health laboratories or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratories can confirm diagnosis by culture or serologic tests for the Y. pestisF1 antigen. Plague is a nationally notifiable disease. For diagnostic support, clinician...
Treatment for plague differs by clinical presentation and illness severity. Several different classes of antimicrobials effectively treat plague, but aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones are considered first-line. Treating physicians can use doxycycline for bubonic or pharyngeal plague, but these should not be used for pneumonic or septicemic plagu...
Travelers can prevent plague by reducing contact with fleas and potentially infected rodents and other wildlife. Although a live attenuated vaccine has been in use in Russia since the 1930s, no plague vaccine is currently available for commercial use in the United States or western Europe. A killed whole-cell vaccine was available in the United Sta...
Oct 29, 2013 · What's the scoop on plague in the 21st century? Is "ring-around-the-rosie" still relevant in this modern era of twerking? What Butler finds in his review on the modern plague is that this ancient disease "continues to surprise us with first-ever events."
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Aug 7, 2023 · Butler T. Plague gives surprises in the first decade of the 21st century in the United States and worldwide. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Oct; 89 (4):788-93. [PMC free article: PMC3795114] [PubMed: 24043686]
Jan 19, 2023 · There are three historically documented pandemics of plague: the First Pandemic (6th to 8th century CE) 5, the Second Pandemic (14th to 19th century CE) 6, and the Third Pandemic (19th to 20th ...
