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    • Apa In-Text Citations
    • Apa References
    • Formatting The Apa Reference Page
    • Tools and Resources

    The basics

    APA in-text citations include the author’s last name, publication date, and, if relevant, a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example, (Smith, 2021, p. 170). See it as a shorter version of the entry in the reference list. You should include in-text citations every time you’re quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s ideas or words. In doing so, you give credit to the original author and avoid plagiarism.

    Parenthetical vs. narrative citation

    The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator. 1. Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020). 2. Narrative citation: Smith (2020)notes that …

    Multiple authors and corporate authors

    The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.

    The basics

    APA references generally include information about the author, publication date, title, and source. Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.

    Missing information

    It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.

    The basics

    On the reference page, you list all the sources that you’ve cited throughout your paper. Place the page, right after the main body and before any appendices. On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order. Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: 1. Double spacing (within and between references) 2. Hanging indent of ½ inch 3. Legible font (e.g. Times New Rom...

    Which sources to include

    On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation). You should not include references to personal communicationsthat your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).

    In addition to the APA Citation Generator, Scribbr provides many more tools and resources that help millions of students and academics every month. 1. Citation Generator: Generate flawless citations in APA, MLA, and Harvard style. 2. Citation Checker: Upload your paper and have artificial intelligence check your citations for errors and inconsisten...

    • (Smith, 2020)
    • (Smith et al., 2020)
    • (Scribbr, 2020)
    • (Smith & Jones, 2020)
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  2. Check out the official APA Style website for even more reference examples. Or try our free APA Citation Generator to create citations automatically. Periodicals. Journal article. Newspaper article. Reports and gray literature. Report. Brochure. PDF.

  3. Generate APA citations in seconds. Start citing books, websites, journals, and more with the Citation Machine® APA Citation Generator.

  4. Popular APA Citation Examples. Archive material. Artwork. Bible. Blog. Book. Chapter of an edited book. Conference proceedings. Court case. Dictionary entry. Dissertation. E-book or PDF. Edited book. Email. Encyclopedia article. Government publication. Image or video online.

  5. Learn how to cite in APA format with our free APA citation machine, along with our guide to citing in APA format with examples.

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