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The Indonesian National Revolution (Indonesian: Revolusi Nasional Indonesia, Dutch: Indonesische Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog) also known as the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia.
- History of Indonesia
Reviving the glories of the Indonesian National Revolution,...
- Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia: English name:...
- History of Indonesia
Reviving the glories of the Indonesian National Revolution, Sukarno increased the anti-British sentiment in his rhetoric and mounted military offensives along the Indonesia-Malaysia border in Borneo. As the PKI rallied in Jakarta streets in support, the West became increasingly alarmed at Indonesian foreign policy and the United States withdrew ...
- Background
- The Writing of The Proclamation
- The Ceremony
- Aftermath
- References
The beginnings of the independence movement
In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the Volksraad, which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a voice. Meanwhile, Indonesian students studying in the Netherlands formed the Perhimpoenan Indonesia, or Indonesian Association. Among its leaders were future Indonesian vice-president Mohammad Hatta and future prime minister Sutan Sjahrir. In September 1927, Hatta and other members were arrested for inciting resistance to...
The pre-war period
The PNI grew rapidly, causing concern for the authorities, who arrested Sukarno and seven party leaders in December 1929. They were put on trial for being a threat to public order and in September 1930 received sentences of one to four years – Sukarno received the longest sentence. The PNI dissolved itself in 1931, and in the same year, Sjahrir returned from the Netherlands and established a party called the New PNI which rather than focussing on mass action and being dependent on one leader,...
Earlier that day, the pemudaled by Sjahrir had produced a declaration worded as follows: Sukarno and Hatta rejected this wording, believing that it had the potential to spark violence and would cause problems for the Japanese as it implied a transfer of sovereignty in violation of the terms of the surrender. Sukarno drafted the final version, which...
The original plan was for the proclamation to be read in public before a crowd at the square in the center of Jakarta, now Merdeka Square. However, the Japanese authorities, fearing disorder, deployed soldiers to the area, and as a result, the proclamation was made at Sukarno's house at 56 Jalan Pegangsaan Timur at 10 AM Japan Standard Time, which ...
Indonesian youths spread news of the proclamation across Java almost immediately using Japanese news and telegraph facilities, and in Bandung the news was broadcast by radio. However many ordinary Indonesians either did not believe the reports or saw them as a Japanese deception. In Sumatra, only the republican elite in major cities knew about the ...
Anderson, Benedict (1961). Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944–1945. Cornell University. Dept. of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports...Anderson, Benedict (1972). Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-0687-0.Elson, R. E. (2009). "Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945" (PDF). Indonesia. 88(88): 105–130.Feith, Herbert (2006) [1962]. The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia. Singapore: Equinox Publishing. ISBN 978-9793780450.The Netherlands attempted to re-establish their rule, beginning the Indonesian National Revolution which ended in December 1949 when the Dutch recognised Indonesian independence in the face of international pressure.
Republic of Indonesia. Regions. By topic. Indonesia portal. v. t. e. This is the timeline of Indonesian National Revolution . 1945. early 1945: Small, mostly Dutch, commando units parachute into northern Sumatra. August.
The Indonesian National Revolution also known as the Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia.
The Republic of Indonesia. The Indonesian National Revolution, or Indonesian War of Independence, was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Netherlands, then the occupying colonial power.
