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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Hindi and Urdu on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Today, the individual Indo-European languages with the most native speakers are English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Hindustani, Bengali, Punjabi, French and German each with over 100 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction.
Terminology The term Hindī originally was used to refer to inhabitants of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It was borrowed from Classical Persian هندی Hindī, meaning "of or belonging to Hind (India)" (hence, "Indian"). Another name Hindavī (हिन्दवी) or Hinduī (हिन्दुई) (from Persian: هندوی "of or belonging to the Hindu/Indian people") was often used in the past ...
- History
- Phylogenetics
- Branches
- Origins
- Common Characteristics
- Characteristics
By the end of the 8th century BC, the Greek settlers in the south of the Italian Peninsula had introduced the alphabet that would later be spread to the Iron Age cultures on the peninsula. The inscriptions have preserved evidence of a variety of languages that for the most part are extinct. When beginning the linguistic history of Italy, it is firs...
Strictly speaking, the label of "Italic languages" can be applied to any language spoken in the Italian region in antiquity, whether or not of Indo-European stock. In this broad sense, the languages that are commonly considered non-Indo-European, such as Etruscan, Rhaetian and the language of Stele di Novilara (North Picene), are also considered to...
Generally shared, today, it is a scheme that identifies two linguistic families traditionally gathered under the label of "Italic languages":The Italic family has two known branches: 1. Latino-Faliscan, also known as the Western Italic languages: 1.1. Faliscan, which was spoken in the area around Falerii Veteres (modern Civita Castellana) north of ...
The main debate concerning the origin of the Italic languages is the same as one that preoccupied Greek studies for the last half of the 20th century. The Indo-Europeanists for Greek had hypothesized (see Dorian invasion, Proto-Greek) that Greek originated outside Greece and was brought in by invaders. Analysis of the lexical items of Mycenaean Gre...
Currently the term Italic languages is used to refer to a set of Indo-European languages that share a certain number of common features and that after a long period of common coexistence suffered a certain process of convergence. However, authors such as Silvestri and Rixargue that there was no reconstructable common Proto-Italic, which meets these...
From the point of view of Proto-Indo-European, the Italic languages are fairly conservative. In phonology, the Italic languages are centum languages by merging the palatals with the velars (Latin centum has a /k/) but keeping the combined group separate from the labio-velars. In morphology, the Italic languages preserve six cases in the noun and th...
Jul 8, 2024 · Urdu, a language steeped in history and culture, bridges communities across South Asia and beyond. As a direct descendant of the Persian, Arabic, and Turkic languages, with a significant infusion of words from Hindi, Urdu stands as a testament to centuries of cultural and linguistic exchange.
Sep 14, 2020 · The religious dichotomy between the two languages acquired further currency when Pakistan adopted Urdu as its national and official language, and India adopted Hindi along with English as its official language.
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Mar 1, 2023 · This is a Swadesh list of words in Proto-Italic, compared with definitions in English.
