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Apr 11, 2024 · taxonomy. Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (born June 5, 1656, Aix-en-Provence, Fr.—died Dec. 28, 1708, Paris) was a French botanist and physician, a pioneer in systematic botany, whose system of plant classification represented a major advance in his day and remains, in some respects, valid to the present time. Tournefort’s interest in botany ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Dec 19, 2013 · In contrast to Ray and his method intended to be natural, his French contemporary Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708) explored, in his “Elements de Botanique” (1694), the possibility of classifying plants based on only few characters related to the corolla of flowers, creating an artificial system.
- Germinal Rouhan, Myriam Gaudeul
- 2014
Sherard, William (1659-1728) (student) Biography. French botanist at the Jardin du Roi in Paris, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort followed his passion for plants and travelled throughout France, Iberia and south-eastern Europe in order to collect them. His most famous contribution was to the field of classification, his system being the first to ...
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- The Classificatory Mind
- The Lack of A Communal Experience
- Abstraction from The Environment
- The Overload of Information and The Terminological Confusion
- The Effect of Printing
Is there something particular about the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century enthusiasm for taxonomies? Anthropologists and psychologists argue that the classificatory mind is innate and universal. In an evolutionary understanding, it seems beneficial for survival to distinguish one plant or animal species from another. Even animals appear to classi...
However, even if there are underlying cognitive processes and evolutionary impulses for classifying natural beings, it is important to stress the specificity of the early modern taxonomic endeavors. Ironically, by aiming to show the universality of the classificatory mind, ethnotaxonomists are particularly helpful for pointing out the specificities...
Another specificity of early modern taxonomies, linked to the lack of communal experience, is the progressive abstraction of the environment. Traditionally, animals and plants were described at the same time as their environment. The habitat could serve as an indicator of the species. However, early modern taxonomists excluded explicitly the enviro...
As seen above, another important difference between folk taxonomies and early modern taxonomies is a quantitative one. Due to a new social and material context, the number of known animal and vegetal beings grew rapidly. In early modern Europe, the epistolary culture permitted the collaboration of scholars across national borders. Moreover, printin...
Jack Goody (1977) has analyzed the impact of writing on the classificatory mind. He notes that the need to classify crocodiles, for instance, as terrestrial or water animals appears only in societies that make written lists. In oral societies, because there is no stable material trace, it is easier to describe the animal sometimes as terrestrial an...
- Thibault De Meyer
- tibo.de.meyer.olivares@gmail.com
Jan 1, 2022 · Definition. Genus is a Latin word, which was popularized by Swedish scientist Linnaeus in his 1753 Species Plantarum. But “the founder of the modern concept of genera” is a French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708). “Genus” (plural “genera”) is a principle taxonomic classification, which lies in between the family ...
Jun 8, 2013 · The subject of the paper was a controversy about the proper choice of criteria for classifying plants that played out at the very end of the seventeenth century between three naturalists: the English naturalist and theologian John Ray (1627–1705), Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708), demonstrator at the Jardin du Roi in Paris, and the ...
May 17, 2024 · Quick Reference. (1656–1708) A French botanist who became a professor at the Jardin du Roi in Paris and is remembered for producing a system of plant classification and nomenclature in the 1690s. His Institutiones Rei Herbariae (1700) might be described as the most important precursor of Linnaeus's work. He also wrote A Voyage into the Levant ...
