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Vương quốc Württemberg (tiếng Đức: Königreich Württemberg) là một quốc gia có nguồn gốc từ năm 1805 đến năm 1918, nằm trong khu vực hiện nay là Baden-Württemberg. Vương quốc này là sự tiếp nối của Công quốc Württemberg , tồn tại từ năm 1495 đến năm 1805.
Vương tộc Württemberg ( tiếng Đức: Haus Württemberg) là một triều đại và gia đình hoàng gia của Đức. Khoảng năm 1080, tổ tiên của gia tộc Württemberg đến định cư ở khu vực thuộc Stuttgart ngày nay. Conrad xứ Württemberg trở thành người thừa kế của Nhà Beutelsbach và xây dựng Lâu đài Wirtemberg .
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The borders of the Kingdom of Württemberg, as defined in 1813, lay between 47°34' and 49°35' north and 8°15' and 10°30' east. The greatest distance north to south was 225 kilometres (140 mi) and the greatest east to west was 160 km (99 mi). The border had a total length of 1,800 km (1,100 mi) and the total area of the state was 19,508 km2(7,532 sq ...
Frederick I
Frederick III, the Duke of Württemberg (1754–1816; succeeded: 1797), assumed the title of King Frederick I on 1 January 1806. He abrogated the constitution, and united Old and New Württemberg. Subsequently, he placed the property of the church under government control, and greatly extended the borders of the kingdom by the process of mediatisation. In 1806, Frederick joined the Confederation of the Rhine and received further territory with 160,000 inhabitants. Later, by the Peace of Vienna of...
William I
Frederick was succeeded by his son, William I(1781–1864; succeeded: 1816), who after much discussion, granted a new constitution in September 1819. This constitution (with subsequent modifications) remained in force until 1918. The desire for greater political freedom did not entirely fade under the constitution of 1819, and after 1830, some transitory unrest occurred. A period of quiet set in and the condition of the kingdom, and its education, agriculture, trade, and economy improved. Both...
Charles I
In July 1864, Charles I (1823–1891; succeeded: 1864) succeeded his father William as king and almost at once had to face considerable difficulties. In the competition between Austria and Prussia for supremacy in Germany, William had consistently taken the Austrian side and the new king continued this policy. In 1866, Württemberg took up arms on behalf of Austria in the Austro-Prussian War, but three weeks after the Battle of Königgrätz (3 July 1866), the allies suffered a comprehensive defeat...
Constitution
The Kingdom of Württemberg functioned as a constitutional monarchy within the German Empire, with four votes in the Federal Council (German: Bundesrat) and 17 in the Imperial Diet (German: Reichstag). The constitution rested on a law of 1819, amended in 1868, 1874, and 1906. The king received a civil list(annual grant) equivalent to 103,227 pounds sterling in the early 20th century. The kingdom possessed a centuries-old bicameral legislature known generally in English as the Estates of Württe...
Religion
Authority over the churches resided with the king. So long as he belonged to the Evangelical State Church in Württemberg, the king was its guardian. The Protestant Church was controlled (under the Minister of Religion and Education) by a consistory and a synod. The consistory comprised a president, 9 councilors, and a general superintendent or prelatefrom each of six principal towns. The synod consisted of a representative council including both lay and clerical members. The Catholic Church i...
Education
The kingdom claimed universal literacy (reading and writing) among citizens over the age of 10 years. Higher education institutions included the University of Tübingen, the Stuttgart University of Technology, the veterinary college, and the commercial college at Stuttgart, and the agricultural college of Hohenheim. Gymnasia and other schools existed in the larger towns, while every commune had a primary school. Numerous schools and colleges existed for women. Württemberg also had a school of...
In 1910, there were 506,061 people working in agriculture; 432,114 had industrial occupations; and 100,109 were in trade and commerce.The largest towns included Stuttgart (with Cannstatt), Ulm, Heilbronn, Esslingen am Neckar, Reutlingen, Ludwigsburg, Göppingen, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Tübingen, Tuttlingen, and Ravensburg.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Württemberg". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 8...This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: von Blume, Wilhelm (1922). "Württemberg". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 32 (12th ed.). London &...Marquardt, Ernst (1985). Geschichte Württembergs (3rd ed.). Stuttgart: DVA. ISBN 3-421-06271-4. (in German)Weller, Karl; Weller, Arnold (1989). Württembergische Geschichte im südwestdeutschen Raum (10th ed.). Stuttgart: Theiss. ISBN 3-8062-0587-6. (in German)Wilson, Peter H. (1995). War, state, and society in Württemberg, 1677–1793. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47302-0.Jews in Württemberg (Settlement in the Middle Ages – impoverishment and expulsion decree of 1521 – new settlements and equality – WWII and Holocaust) Archived 23 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine(En...
Công quốc Württemberg ( tiếng Đức: Herzogtum Württemberg) là một công quốc toạ lạc ở phía Tây Nam của Đế chế La Mã Thần thánh. Nó trở thành Nhà nước Đế chế của Thánh chế La Mã từ năm 1495 đến năm 1806. Tiền thân của nó chính là Bá quốc Württemberg, được thành lập từ thế kỷ XII, sau khi Công quốc Swabia tan rã.
Württemberg ( / ˈwɜːrtəmbɜːrɡ, ˈvɜːrt -/ WURT-əm-burg, VURT-; [1] tiếng Đức: [ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ) là một lãnh thổ lịch sử của Đức gần như tương ứng với vùng văn hóa và ngôn ngữ Swabia. Thủ phủ của vùng này là thành phố Stuttgart .
Frederick I ( tiếng Đức: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl; 6 tháng 11 năm 1754 – 30 tháng 10 năm 1816) là nhà cai trị Württemberg từ năm 1797 cho đến khi qua đời. Ông là công tước cuối cùng của Württemberg từ năm 1797 đến năm 1803, sau đó là Tuyển đế hầu đầu tiên và duy nhất của Württemberg từ năm 1803 đến năm 1806, trước khi Württemberg nâng lên thành mộ...
Württemberg. Territory of Württemberg 1810–1945. Württemberg ( / ˈwɜːrtəmbɜːrɡ, ˈvɜːrt -/ WURT-əm-burg, VURT-; [1] German: [ˈvʏʁtəmbɛʁk] ⓘ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart .
